To: Craig S. Owens who wrote (467 ) 3/29/1999 8:23:00 AM From: Dr. John M. de Castro Respond to of 1494
Memantine - a potential blockbuster drug - I Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist. NTII licensed it from the Children's Medical Center Corp and has subsequently transferred the liscense to the Merz Co. Memantine is being developed for the prevention of NMDA receptor mediated neuronal damage and the treatment of "certain" neurodegenerative diseases and neuropathic pain. It has long been known that the NMDA - glutamate receptor, when overstimulated, can lead to cell death. Hence, inhibition of this receptor is neuroprotective and decreases the neuronal damage consequent upon tumors, strokes, closed head injuries, etc. A number of companies have tried developing NMDA receptor antagonists for these indications. Many have failed, primarily because of safety reasons. Blocking NMDA receptors can produce adverse side effects. What would appear to give NTII a huge edge is that Memantine has an established track record for safety and effectiveness in the treatment of Parkinsons disease. It has been employed in Germany for this indication since 1982. Some of the reasons why Memantine appears to have superior characteristics are that: 1) It is that it is effective with oral administration. 2) It is a non-competitive antagonist. As such, it does not disrupt the normal activity of these synapses, and thus is less likely to produce deleterious side effects such as cognitive and memory impairments. 3) It is an open channel blocker and the antagonist can only gain access to the channel when it is open. Hence, it is increasingly effective against escalating levels of glutamate, exactly the time when neurotoxicity occurs. 4) It has fast kinetics, with fast blocking and unblocking rates at low molecular concentrations. Some open channel NMDA antagonists that have much slower kinetics have untoward neuropsychiatric side effects. An example is phencyclidine which is also known as "angel dust". More later John de C