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To: yard_man who wrote (35149)4/21/1999 12:30:00 PM
From: Defrocked  Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 86076
 
Okay,okay. The well known pedophile Keynes proposed in
the early 1930's that hedgers are usually short futures since they
generally hold spot inventories. He argued that hedgers had to
pay a premium to speculators to take the opposite side
of the trade, the long position. According to Keynes, hedgers
thus sell-into-the-hole in order to get their short postions
established which implied that futures prices will be lower
than expected future spot prices. This phenomenom is called
"normal backwardization".

While originally used to refer to the difference in expected
spot and futures prices, most futures traders use the term to
describe only the term strucure of futures prices: declining
prices over the futures contract spectrum is called backwardization
while increasing prices over the futures term structure is called
a contango. Oil and natural gas, for instance, are usually in
backwardization because of storage constraints. Gold is usually
in contango because it is easy to arb relative to interest rate
costs.