Re: Smart Cards used in non-GSM environments - AMPS, CDMA, TDMA, PDC, ESMR, 3G UMTS, 3G cdma2000
Chaz recently asked in post # 112:
<< CDMA smart card "standard" (?) in process. Did I read that correctly - i.e. that the format is for all technologies GSM, TDMA and CDMA? >>
In my post # 94 to Brian I had said:
<< More importantly it appears that there will in fact be a SIM (or UIM as it is called in 3G) in cdma2000. I don't have the references handy (they are buried kind of deep on either the 3GPP, 3GPP2, or UMTS Forum web sites). The SIM has long been a differentiator between GSM & CDMA and without a SIM there can not be authentication to a GSM network so until there is a SIM in a CDMA handset Q gets no revenue out of Europe or other places dominated by GSM >>
In a later post to Brian, I said:
<< The new development I spoke of is that 3GPP2 (cdma2000 oriented) has just transferred responsibility of UIM specification development to SMG9 for all ITU2000 UIM specification development. This indicates that there will in fact be a UIM in all 3G flavors. In addition this development could work its way backwards to 2.5G or even 2G cdma wireless where it would probably be an option as opposed to a requisite in 3G. >>
Let me try to answer Chaz's question and elaborate somewhat about what I know or intuit on this subject.
In a recent white paper called "Smart Cards In Wireless Service", available on their web site Gemplus had the following to say about adoption of smart cards by non-GSM Carriers:
Currently, only GSM and satellite wireless carriers are using SIM cards.
Analog and second-generation technologies like PDC, TDMA and CDMA rely on other technologies to prevent fraud (customer profiling, RF finger printing) and store all subscription information in the wireless terminal; but movements are underway to migrate the SIM card technology to other wireless standards.
In 1998, North American GSM carriers launched the dual mode GSM/AMPS roaming services, with phones supporting both GSM 1900 MHz and AMPS 800 MHz radios. For both modes, the phone (such as the Nokia 6190) is relying on the SIM card to get roaming information, authentication algorithm (CAVE for AMPS mode) and its authentication key.
In February 1999, Nextel announced the dual mode iDEN/GSM900 roaming service using a multi-mode phone with both radios. This phone, the i2000 also relies on the SIM card to retrieve NAM (numeric assignment module) information previously stored in the phone.
At the same time, the Universal Wireless Consortium announced that TDMA technology will align with the GSM evolution to the third generation wireless named UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System). UMTS has already specified the use of the USIM (universal SIM) as the evolution of the SIM.
The GSM ANSI-136 Interoperability Team (GAIT) created by North American GSM and TDMA carriers is currently finalizing the specifications of a multi-mode phone supporting GSM 900/1900, TDMA 800/1900, and AMPS. The GAIT phone also relies on the SIM card for the storage of all GSM and TDMA authentication, roaming, and service information.
In 1999, China Unicom announced its selection of CDMA for the launch of a Chinese global network in 2000. It also mentioned its intent to use the CDMA-equivalent of a SIM since the beginning to provide GSM roaming. The CDMA SIM, named removable Universal Identity Module, will also host all the
CDMA NAM information. While the removable-UIM (R-UIM) is likely to be optional within CDMA networks, a SIM (or UIM, or USIM, or R-UIM) will be necessary to provide roaming services with GSM networks.
More recently, NTT, the global information sharing corporate group in Japan, announced a collaborative development program in smart card and server technology with Gemplus. This cooperation will focus on the technology to manage and deliver applets for value-added service into many types of multipurpose smart cards, including new generation large memory capacity smart cards, like the 2 Mbytes SIM card prototype shown at Telecom'99 in Geneva. <<
More information on NTT and smart cards (from my post #112 here):
NTT AND GEMPLUS ANNOUNCE COLLABORATIVE DEVELOPMENT FOR OPEN SMARTCARD AND INFORMATION SHARING PLATFORM (13th October 1999)
Excerpt:
"NTT, the global information sharing corporate group in Japan, and Gemplus the world's leading provider of smartcard-based solutions announced today a collaborative development program in smartcard and server technology. The cooperation will focus on the technology to manage and deliver applets for value-added service into many types of multipurpose smartcards, including new generation large memory capacity smartcards. The management functions will provide links between smartcards and server through user authentication, secure transactions, anytime-anywhere applications and information download."
The complete text of the article is here:
ntt.co.jp
A concept diagram is here:
ntt.co.jp
Note also that the NTT site is very good. Home (English is here):
ntt.co.jp
Their section devoted to W-CDMA & Mobile Multimedia is also good:
nttdocomo.com
=====
Smart Cards in cdma2000
As late as this weekend the 3GPP2 web site had several recent documents relating to the potential use of smart cards in 3G CDMA. The site is being reorganized and the documents are either temporarily or permanently unavailable so the links below do no work).
3GPP2 Steering Committee Word Documents related to smart cards:
www.3gpp2.org/steering_committee.html
* UIM Officials Meeting
* TSG-C Smart Card Standards
* TSG-S Smart Card Standards
TSG-S Word Documents related to smart cards:
3gpp2.org
* S00-19991213-008AR User Identity Module
* S00-19991213-009SR User Identity Module (Stage 1)
The following 3GPP2 Committee Correspondence relating to the UIM Officials Meeting was available last week:
>> Source: 2G/3G SIM, USIM & R-UIM officials meeting
To: 3GPP-PCG, 3GPP2-SC, GAIT, SMG9, T1P1, TR45, UWCC-PDFG
CC: 3GPP-TSG-T3, 3GPP2-TSG-C/S/N, CDG, GSM Association, GSM-NA, TR45.2, TR45.3, TR45.5
Subject: Common mobile telecommunications smart card standard
Delegates to the 2G/3G SIM, USIM & R-UIM officials meeting held November 1st 1999 in Austin, Texas, would like to make the following proposal regarding the mobile telecommunication smart card management across all wireless technologies of the groups addressed above.
The group concluded that, with the increasing activities of several different committees, there was a danger that the resulting telecommunications smart cards standards would diverge, thereby preventing the inter-operation of several systems on one card. It was proposed that the best way to avoid this situation was to have one committee responsible for the top-level common aspects of mobile telecommunications smart cards.
It was agreed that a harmonized smart card for all next generation telecommunication technologies is a strong requirement.
Considering that SMG9 has years of experience as the custodian of a widely used mobile telecommunications smart card specification, it is proposed that SMG9 extends its role to act as the central focus point for all next generation telecommunications smart cards.
SMG9 should be invited to extend its scope and take the role of managing common aspects of mobile telecommunication smart card in the following areas:
· physical interface specifications
· the common logical interface
· file ID allocation (DFs) at the common level, respecting existing directory structures
· shared data that is technology independent (e.g. the phone book).
The specification of the structure and content of the technology specific files, procedures and protocols will remain in the domain of the formulating standards committee. The meeting realizes that there are open issues that need to be addressed, such as:
· the derivation of technology independent service requirements
· common inter-technology requirements such as multiple subscriptions, multi-technology roaming
· Toolkit related functionality
· a notification process with the various SDOs.
This group is planning a follow up meeting to address these issues, possibly in Rome on the 17th of January 2000.
It is requested that the addressed organizations ratify the approach outlined above before the 17th of January 2000, and inform SMG9 via the SMG9 Chairman, Dr. Klaus Vedder (klaus.vedder@gdm.de) and the SMG9 Secretary, Michael Sanders (michael.sanders@etsi.fr). <<
<eom>
- Eric - |
