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Technology Stocks : Light Emitting Devices, organic and novel

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To: John Finley who wrote (161)9/8/2000 2:42:49 PM
From: kinkblot  Read Replies (2) of 330
 
IEEE Spectrum Aug00: The dawn of organic electronics

spectrum.ieee.org

{archived for how long, I do not know}

Review article; some physics, device structures; references.

One section describes how OLEDs work by recombination of bound electron-hole pairs, resulting in photon emission:

... There are two types of excitons formed, called singlets and triplets. On average one singlet and three triplets are formed for each four electron-hole pairs injected into the exciton formation region of the OLED. Quantum mechanics allows de-excitation (or recombination) of the singlet within a few nanoseconds of formation. This leads to a photon emission and is called fluorescence. Recombination of the triplet exciton is slow (taking about 1 ms to 1 second) and when it does occur, usually results in heat rather than light. But If a heavy-metal atom such as iridium or platinum is placed in an otherwise organic molecule, the characteristics of singlet and triplet excitons mix, speeding the emission of light to within 100 ns-100 µs. This kind of emission is called phosphorescence.

WT
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