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Strategies & Market Trends : India Coffee House -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: sea_biscuit who wrote (8116)	10/11/1999 8:27:00 PM
From: JPR	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 12475

nytimes.com dipy: What do U say for this? The treaty would impose a blanket international ban on all nuclear test explosions. Supporters estimate they are 15 to 20 votes short of the two-thirds majority needed for Senate ratification. The treaty has been signed by 154 nations, including the United States, but ratified by only 51. It will not go into effect if the United States does not ratify it. Some congressional conservatives argue the United States should not Give up its right to conduct nuclear tests. But Clinton and Democratic leaders say that substantive issue has gotten lost in partisan politics.

To: sea_biscuit who wrote (8116)	10/11/1999 8:40:00 PM
From: JPR	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 12475

Dipy: Interesting story Unsung Heroes -- Talk Code and Break Balls Navajo Code Talkers. In some of the toughest battles of the South Pacific, 400 of these men -- most of them barely out of high school on the reservation just north of here, part of it in New Mexico and part in Arizona -- transmitted thousands of radio messages in a code based on their intricate and unwritten language, in which fighter planes became "hummingbirds," dive bombers "chicken hawks" and submarines "iron fish." Though the Japanese repeatedly broke other American military codes, they never came close to cracking the Navajos', which remains one of the handful of codes in military history that were never deciphered. In fact, the Navajos' secret was considered so valuable that it was kept classified until 1968. And their singular contribution to the wartime efforts of what has been called "the greatest generation" went largely unheralded. Fewer than half the code talkers are still alive. But suddenly, it seems, their story is popping up everywhere. It was the subject of a recent documentary on television's History Channel. It is celebrated in "The Code Book" (Doubleday, 1999), Simon Singh's history of cryptography. The Smithsonian Institution has asked for help in putting together a display about the code talkers in its new museum of Indian history on the Mall in Washington. Not one but two Hollywood films are in the works. One is being developed in cooperation with the code talkers by a group of Native American filmmakers and Gale Anne Hurd, the producer of the "Terminator" movies and "Armageddon." The other is being developed by John Woo, the action-adventure director from Hong Kong. "Now that they've seen these documents, everyone wants to interview code talkers," said Samuel Billison, president of the Navajo Code Talkers Association and a member of his tribe's governing council, who fought at Iwo Jima. "There's a lot of interest, and not just in the United States. I just got a call from Italy the other day." The code talkers' achievements are the stuff of high drama. Their work was the brainchild of Philip Johnston, a World War I veteran and engineer who had grown up as the son of missionaries on the Navajo reservation and learned the language as a child. In 1942, he persuaded Marine officers in San Diego to test the idea, and after a period of bureaucratic indecision, 29 initial recruits were inducted and began training. From the beginning, the idea was not simply to transmit messages in Navajo, a singsong and subtly inflected descendant of northern Asian languages that is easily susceptible to mispronunciation, but to create a unique code based on Navajo words. Military terminology created a special challenge; hence the avian equivalents for aircraft.