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Biotech / Medical : Cistron Biotechnology(CIST)$.30 -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: Walter Morton who wrote (2600)	3/2/2000 1:27:00 PM
From: Walter Morton	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 2742

On average it has taken about 2 years for CIST's patents to be issued after the filing date. The DUKE PATENTS" means patent application serial number 09/168910 entitled "Substantially non-toxic biologically active mucosal adjuvants in vertebrate subjects" filed October 8, 1998 We could just be about eight months away from a new patent. Read about Joint Patent agreement from the latest 10Q: Message 12905117

To: Walter Morton who wrote (2600)	3/16/2000 6:56:00 PM
From: Walter Morton	Respond to of 2742

A little about the man, Herman Staats, that is working with CIST through DUKE UNIVERSITY: Dr. Herman Staats spent two years of postdoctoral training with Dr. Barton F. Haynes, Director of Basic Research. Upon completion of this training he was recruited by several institutions, notably the University of Alabama, largely because of his interest in mucosal immunology. The Department of Medicine, with support from the CFAR, vigorously recruited Dr. Staats to a faculty position at Duke which Dr. Staats accepted. He has since become one of the most productive investigators in the HIV vaccine program and is already credited with major contributions for how to best elicit both mucosal and systemic immunity by intranasal immunization strategies using peptides as models. This underdeveloped area of HIV vaccine research promises to become a major focus of our efforts at Duke through Dr. Staats' rapidly developing programs and we have incorporated Dr. Staats as a Co-Director of the Peptide and Protein Biosynthesis Core. cfar.mc.duke.edu

To: Walter Morton who wrote (2600)	3/16/2000 7:03:00 PM
From: Walter Morton	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 2742

More on the link between Herman Staats, Duke University, and CIST: IL-1 Is an Effective Adjuvant for Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses When Coadministered with Protein Immunogens1 Herman F. Staats2 and Francis A. Ennis, Jr. Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Center for AIDS Research, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 The Journal of Immunology, 1999, 162: 6141-6147. Mucosal immunization with soluble protein Ag alone may induce Ag-specific tolerance, whereas mucosal immunization with Ag in the presence of a mucosal adjuvant may induce Ag-specific systemic and mucosal humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The most widely used and studied mucosal adjuvant is cholera toxin (CT). Although the mechanism of adjuvanticity of CT is not completely understood, it is known that CT induces mucosal epithelial cells to produce the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 and up-regulates macrophage production of IL-1 and the costimulatory molecule B7.2. Because IL-1 may duplicate many of the activities of CT, we evaluated IL-1alpha and IL-1beta for their ability to serve as mucosal adjuvants when intranasally administered with soluble protein Ags. IL-1alpha and IL-1beta were as effective as CT for the induction of Ag-specific serum IgG, vaginal IgG and IgA, systemic delayed-type hypersensitivity, and lymphocyte proliferative responses when intranasally administered with soluble protein Ag. Our results indicate that IL-1alpha and IL-1beta may be useful as mucosal vaccine adjuvants. Such an adjuvant may be useful, and possibly required, for vaccine-mediated protection against pathogens that infect via the mucosal surfaces of the host such as HIV. jimmunol.org