To: Chris land who wrote (30523 ) 6/30/2000 7:36:02 PM From: Thomas C. White Respond to of 39621 The record of the church in general on the subject of finding actual, bonafide, Satan-worshiping, baby-sacrificing witches was pretty weak. During the period of the Inquisition, about 75 percent of those accused were women. Generally, those accused were of the lower class of society (very few women of the merchant classes and nobility were accused, for some reason or another). Midwives were particularly vulnerable, since they were often blamed for the death or disappearance of a child. Both infant mortality and infanticide were very common, and the midwife was often made the scapegoat and denounced to the ecclesiastical authorities. Others who were often accused were the village "scolds," often crotchety old ladies that were unpleasant to people. The senile and mentally deranged were also often accused, as well as those with large numbers of moles and warts, which were thought to be marks of the devil. It is thought that, although Satan worship certainly did actually exist in small pockets, very few genuine witches were actually prosecuted. Conduct of the Inquisition with regard to witches was largely governed by a church-approved text called the Malleus Maleficarum, the "Witch Hammer," published about 1486, which detailed the proper methods for identifying, accusing, torturing, and passing sentence upon witches. It became for a century the second most popular book in print behind the Bible. Much of it has been translated into English online at the following link:paganteahouse.com In particular, the higher ecclesiastical authorities operated on something of a "body-count" basis, where each village and city was expected to come up with its "fair share" of witches. Many villages and cities over-reported their executions of witches in order to demonstrate their zeal for ferreting out witchcraft. Perhaps the most reliable estimate is that between 100,000 and 300,000 were officially burned over the course of the Inquisition. Interestingly, the execution of witches in England had ceased prior to the events of Salem, as the populace grew disgusted with witch trials. Although, to be fair, there was also a great deal of opposition to the Salem witch trials within the Puritan community outside of Salem, including Increase Mather. Many Puritans found the trials to be a travesty and an embarrasment.