To: Ilaine who wrote (2460 ) 10/24/2000 8:44:40 PM From: E Read Replies (6) | Respond to of 28931 It's all in the motivation, as it always is. If the Church Fathers, and the Pope, had been hot to use any weapon they had at hand, including excommunication, as a weapon to save the Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, etc., or subsequently wanted to use excommunication to make a moral point, they would have found an interpretation in the paragraph posted by Solon that would have untied their hands:(12) "Those who themselves or through others, invade, destroy, or detain cities, lands, places, or rights of the Roman Church, those who hold possession of, disturb, or detain its sovereign jurisdiction, and all who give aid, counsel, or countenance to these offences." Off the top of my head, the Roman Catholic Church has moral rights, for example. Or maybe they could use disturbing its sovereign jurisdiction. Or giving countenance to those offenses. If the Pope had wanted to use his authority and the authority of the Church, and excommunication, to save Jewish lives there are legions of Jesuits and others who could find ample justification in canon law. It is naive in the extreme, in my opinion, not to recognize that they did what they wanted to do. The title of Chapter One in my college psych book was "The Effect of Motivation on Perception." In the document I mentioned earlier, signed by the Pope and Hitler, the Concordat of 1933, the church agreed not to interfere as long as the state collected a religious tax from church members. This tax remains in effect today. It is 9 per cent of base income, or was in 1997, according to an article in a 1997 copy of Freethought Today I found tucked in the book I quoted from earlier. I do think there is something a bit grotesque about excommunication for membership in Planned Parenthood but not for performing abdominal surgery on unanesthetized twin (post-birth) children to see what you would see. The children were Jews. If they had been Catholic children, I suspect some "rights" and "disturbances" would have come into play that didn't and that the conjunctive or disjunctive nature of the "or" would present little problem! And that the Holocaust wouldn't have been interpreted as a "political dispute" requiring "disengagement," but as a moral issue as grave as membership in Planned Parenthood. It occurs to me that signing the Corcordat about not interfering with the Nazi state (in exchange for the tax money) implies clearly that they might have interfered had they wanted to, and gotten no payoff not to.