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To: MeDroogies who wrote (86978)	11/20/2000 7:58:11 PM
From: Richard Habib	Read Replies (2) \| Respond to of 97611

I should point out that the actual statement that Gore made was: > "During my service in the United States Congress, I took the initiative in > creating the Internet." That was picked up & as are most things in our society translated into a sound bite by media that are woefully ignorant of the things they report on. The Supercomputer Network Act 0f 86 and the HPCA of 91 (By the way, it took him 3 years to get that through Congress)are considered the key legislation in the creation of the modern internet. I've attached a history of milestones related to the National Research & Education Network (It happens to come from the NASA site but you can find the info elsewhere.). There is a horrible incidence of group think that seems to be suffocating the ability of people to independently check facts and draw their own conclusions. The fact that I've heard the Gore said he was the father of the internet statement so many hundreds of times without anyone seemingly interested in checking the facts is a example. I'd also point out that your assertion that the U.S. government is intrusive in tech matters is another example of group think. Without US government involvement in R&D and technology transfer from US government programs it would be difficult to imagine the U.S. holding the commanding lead it now does in IT, certainly the Internet is one of many examples as it was entirely a government sponsored and nutured project. CEO Barrett was in DC a couple of weeks ago pleading for more R&D dollars. I believe he would disagree with you regarding the role of government in nuturing R&D projects. nren.nasa.gov 1969 Defense Department commissions ARPAnet to promote networking research. University of California at Los Angeles, BBN (Bolt Beranek and Newman Systems and Technologies Corp.) and University of California at Santa Barbara connected forming a three-node backbone. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1971 NASA Ames Research Center is connected to ARPAnet on an analog 50-kbps backbone using an Interface Message Processor (IMP). One of the first Terminal Interface Processor (TIP) providing 300-kbps direct user interface to ARPAnet was installed at NASA Ames as a joint research project with UC Santa Barbara. Provided researchers access to the ILLIAC IV located at Ames. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1974 Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf (My comments - who as noted does believe in Gore's instrumental role) publish paper which specifies protocol for data networks. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1981 NSF provides seed money for CSNET (Computer Science NETwork) to connect U.S. computer science departments. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1982 Defense Department establishes TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) as standard. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1983 NASA provides seed money to connect Space Physics community with DECnet at 9.6 kbps (Space Physics Analysis Network, SPAN.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1984 Number of hosts (computers) connected to the Internet breaks 1,000. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1986 (My comment - Supercomputer Network Actof 86) NASA connects Earth Scientists with TCP/IP to 10 sites with a digital 56-kbps backbone using router technology. NASA Science Network (NSN) formed. NASA, DOE, NSF and DARPA agree to establish two Federal Internet Exchanges (FIX-East and FIX-West). NASA hosts the FIXes at Ames and Goddard. The Internet is born. NSFnet and five NSF-funded supercomputer centers are created. NSFnet backbone is 56 kbps. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1988 NASA consolidates wide area TCP/IP and DECnet networks into a multiprotocol network establishing the NASA Science Internet (NSI). NSI establishes a strong customer requirements service model to reach over 15,000 scientists worldwide with a 1.5-Mbps multiprotocol routed backbone. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1989 Number of hosts breaks 100,000. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1991 NSF lifts restrictions on commercial use of the Internet. High Performance Computing Act (My comment Creates National Research& Education Network which by the way is now the test platform for I2, the new high speed internet - another government program), authored by then-Senator Gore, is signed into law. World Wide Web software is released by CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1993 President Clinton and Vice President Gore get e-mail addresses. Mosaic, a graphical "Web browser" developed at the NSF-funded National Center for Supercomputing Applications, is released. Traffic on the World Wide Web explodes. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1994 NASA establishes the NASA Research and Education Network (NREN), an experimental backbone at five NASA science centers. White House goes on-line with "Welcome to the White House." -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1995 U.S. Internet traffic is now carried by commercial Internet service providers. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1996 Number of Internet hosts reaches 12.8 million. NASA consolidates all operational wide area networking activities into NASA Integrated Services Network (NISN). Operational networks to be fully commercialized by April 1999. President Clinton and Vice President Gore announce "Next Generation Internet" initiative. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1997 NASA participates in the Next Generation Internet (NGI) program by redesigning NREN.