To: Neocon who wrote (85228 ) 11/22/2000 4:39:12 PM From: Volsi Mimir Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 769670 Richard Dawkins, the Selfish Gene pg 270 Endnotes to chapter 2 p. 16 'Behold a virgin shall conceive...' Several distressed correspondents have queried the mistranslation of 'young woman' into 'virgin' in the biblical prophecy, and have demanded a reply from me. Hurting religious sensibilities is a perilous business these days, so I had better oblige. Actually it is a pleasure, for scientists can't often get satisfyingly dusty in the library indulging in a real academic footnote. The point is in fact well known to biblical scholars, and not disputed by them. The Hebrew word in Isaiah is (HEBREW for) (almah ), which undisputedly means 'young woman', with no implication of virginity. If 'virgin' had been intended,(HEBREW for) (bethulah ) could have been used instead (the ambi- guous English word 'maiden' illustrates how easy it can be to slide between the two meanings). The 'mutation' occurred when the pre-Christian Greek translation known as the Septuagint rendered almah into (GREEK for)(parthenos ), which really does usually mean virgin. Matthew (not, of course,the Apostle and contemporary of Jesus, but the gospel-maker writing long afterwards), quoted Isaiah in what seems to be a derivative of the Septuagint version (all but two of the fifteen Greek words are identical) when he said, 'Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel' (Authorized English translation). It is widely accepted among Christian scholars that the story of the virgin birth of Jesus was a late interpolation, put in presumably by Greek-speaking disciples in order that the (mistranslated) prophecy should be seen to be fulfilled. Modern versions such as the New English Bible correcdy give 'young woman' in Isaiah. They equally correctly leave 'virgin' in Matthew, since there they are translating from his Greek.