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To: Elmer who wrote (127122)2/11/2001 5:40:27 PM
From: Elmer  Respond to of 186894
 
theregister.co.uk

Intel's Jackson will offer 2 chips for 1
By: Andrew Orlowski in San Francisco
Posted: 09/02/2001 at 11:32 GMT

Updated Intel will be introducing SMT into their Foster chips in the summer, sources close to the project have confirmed to The Register. And with Project Jackson, its codename at Satan Clara, Intel will break with its traditional approach to microprocessor design by introducing SMT, or 'simultaneously multithreading', which presents two "virtual" processors to software application.

Jackson was first referred to by our very own Mike Magee last September here, in a scoop that mentioned multi-threading capabilities being built into Foster, the first chip to be based on Intel's P7 core that's used in Pentium IV. That slide was made public, and then withdrawn, but shortly before Xmas eagle eyed Ace's Hardware discovered that Linux support for processor was brewing. A to-do entry in Red Hat's Enterprise Change Log read:- " Tue Oct 10 2000 ... Adding support for the second logical processor on each physical processor of a Jackson Technology enabled Willamette CPU still needs to be added [sic]". That link from Ace's has also been pulled, but given the persistent nature of Linux change logs (and Google caches) it led to much informed speculation whether Jackson was really a designs big-bang for Intel, or whether it simply represented a way of speeding-up SMP threads across regular Intel boards.

Now from sources familiar with Foster documentation we can confirm that the former is indeed true. Although thermally-concerned Intel Veep Pat Gelsinger dropped a heavy clanger on Monday at the IEEE's ISSCC conference, when he suggested ways microprocessor engineers (read: x86 microprocessor engineers) could avoid a thermal meltdown. Credit to Kicking Pat for his "no more business at usual" pitch. So what's it all about?

It cools while it dusts
SMT really offers an alterative way of spreading the workload. Today's Intel and AMD processors spend energy heating an infrastructure that predicts which way an instruction will go. Only most of that time, that infrastructure sits idle, or gets the answer wrong. Processors are designed against peak workloads, so even if you do very little - or if your workload is utterly predictable - then you're paying for an expensive and redundant insurance policy. SMT assumes programs are that little bit smarter - threads are lightweight processes - and can make more efficient balancing decisions. With SMT, shorter pipelines allow workloads to be spread around execution units without the additional overhead. (Yes that's an idiotic oversimplification - but we're nothing if not idiotic and simple, so mail us your more elegant replies and we'll print them.) Intel says the additional overhead to processor logic is maybe 10pc - but power and other efficiencies mean a 2x increase in thermal output over generations can be reduced to something more like 10pc.

Keep the cache
Nor is SMT exactly new.

Academics finger Burton Smith, CTO of Tera (owners of Cray) as the man wielding the lead pipe in the study. Smith's first public paper on microprocessor threading was published in 1978, and his radical Horizon processor made thread creation simple and cheap: down to as low as an instruction. Work followed by Anant Agrawal's APRIL team. But the term SMT was coined by Dean Tullson in a landmark paper with Susan Eggers and Hank Levy. Smith says their approach - which specifically tackled SMT for commodity processors - was responsible for persuade the industry to see SMT as commercially worthwhile.

Between the first and second papers in 1995, Tullson went East and discussed incorporating SMT into Alpha. We spoke to both Smith and Tullson on Friday, and as these interviews merit a story in their own right. However as Tullson has since also advised Intel on SMT, he can't discuss specifics. Stay tuned.

What's it good for?
Well two chips in one sounds awesome. The only trouble is most of us won't see any direct improvement, unless we're running very predictable technical workloads, or we guess, using BeOS. That's on the client anyhow: applications like Word spool only a couple of threads. On the other hand server applications nab a thread pool, like Windows 2000, or are tuned to handling hundreds or thousands of tasks. So Intel's SMT's chips are (no surprise) targeted at the server. As we wrote last September, the target applicatons are:- "intended for data warehousing, cache servers, ERP and databases, one slide shows". At the time, Intel said it would showcase "Over 20" software applications that take advantage of Jackson SMT. employing Jackson technology will be rolled out at the launch of the processor, another slide reveals.

There's much more chip designers can do, too. Smith's Horizon machine had no cache, and bet that the cost of a roundtrip to main memory would not be judged inefficient. So imagine how cheap microprocessors could be without the on die cache that takes up a large chunk of the transistor space in every chip. But that's enough to boggle over. We'll be back to boggle soon. ®



To: Elmer who wrote (127122)2/11/2001 6:01:06 PM
From: fyodor_  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 186894
 
Elmer: My Schwab software doesn't allow cut and paste

If it's integrated with your browser, you can (almost always ;)) open the HTML source (e.g. under "View") and cut-n-paste from there.

-fyo



To: Elmer who wrote (127122)2/11/2001 6:41:35 PM
From: Gottfried  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 186894
 
Elmer, >Schwab software doesn't allow cut and paste<

I get Schwab e-mail alerts and they're always Adobe Acrobat attachments. When viewing, you can click on the T [with a small box near it] on the left. After that you can mouse-select the text you want to copy.

Gottfried



To: Elmer who wrote (127122)2/11/2001 8:18:33 PM
From: Jim McMannis  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 186894
 
RE:"Did you see a news release earlier this week saying Intel halted construction on a portion of their Colorado Springs Flash fab"

Wasn't it a couple of months ago Intel was complaining they were behind schedule on the FAB because they couldn't find sub-contractors? Maybe it was a good thing...

Jim



To: Elmer who wrote (127122)2/11/2001 8:44:40 PM
From: Paul Engel  Respond to of 186894
 
Elmer - Re: "- Did you see a news release earlier this week saying Intel halted construction on a portion of their Colorado Springs Flash fab?"

Yes - it was a strange article - clearly written to put an ugly spin on Intel. It was written very negatively - and only in a back-handed fashion did they admit that Intel had COMPLETED 60,000 sq. of Clean Room to start Initial equipment and process qualification.

"Intel expects to begin testing equipment in one 60,000-square-foot section of the plant in March before starting chip production within the next three months. Company officials said they moved the testing to March because of a shortage of construction workers. "

The rest of the article focuses on not completing the ENTIRE FAB - and not on the completion of a major portion of it.

Here is the article I think you are referring to - read it carefully.

Paul
{=====================================}
denverpost.com

Intel waiting to complete Springs plant

By Tom McGhee
Denver Post Business Writer

Feb. 7, 2001 - Chip giant Intel Corp. will delay finishing a portion of its plant in Colorado Springs to consider whether to make an even-faster chip.

It's the second delay the company has announced since last fall.

Intel spokesman Chuck Mulloy said he couldn't predict when Santa Clara, Calif.based Intel would complete work on the former Rockwell plant.

By waiting on the project, the company hopes to get the best possible return on its investment, Mulloy said. Intel has the technology to build flash memory chips at the Colorado Springs plant, but new technology may be just around the corner, he said.

Flash memory is installed in cellular phones, pocket PCs and other gadgets.

"The question that we have to answer is do we want to put in the old and then retrofit for the new," Mulloy said.

But it could be as many as three years before technology exists to produce circuitry needed for the beefed-up chips, said Dan Scovel, an analyst with Needham & Co. in New York City.

Mulloy questioned Scovel's time frame, saying it would only be accurate if the technology wasn't already under development.

"It is," Mulloy said.

Several analysts said delaying completion makes sense at a time when demand in the semiconductor market has slowed.

Intel was supposed to begin testing equipment in its $1.5 billion plant in November, but it moved that deadline back to March.

"At some point in the future when the market shows signs that it is starting to recover, that's when they will start to invest in new equipment," said Jermey Lopez, an analyst with Morningstar in Chicago.

Mulloy denied that cooling market conditions have anything to do with the delay.

Intel expects to begin testing equipment in one 60,000-square-foot section of the plant in March before starting chip production within the next three months. Company officials said they moved the testing to March because of a shortage of construction workers.

The delay in installing equipment in the other section won't affect the 1,100 Intel employees already working there, said Deana Sauceda, Intel's spokeswoman for Colorado Springs.

On Tuesday, about 2,800 construction workers were on site. That number will dwindle over the next few months, Sauceda said.

Intel hasn't told construction crews when their jobs will end, said Mark Johnson, business manager for the International Brotherhood of Electrical Work ers Local 113.

"The company never tells you anything," Johnson said.

The chip maker has already developed a new circuitry that is smaller and can make chips run faster, but it's only useful for producing microprocessing chips for computers, not for the flash memory chips made in Colorado Springs.

"Demand for flash memory was a barnburner in 2000, but it has cooled off," said Justin Burgin, an analyst with H&R Block Financial Advisors in Detroit.

While the flash memory market grew 130 percent last year, growth this year isn't expected to go above 60 percent, said Jack Geraghty, an analyst with Gerard Klauer Mattison in New York City.

That's still strong, but demand for other semiconductors has fallen off far more.

Intel's revenue growth - about 15 percent over 1999's in 2000 - is expected to be much lower in upcoming quarters, Geraghty said.

To increase profits, the compa ny should reduce the cost of its microprocessing chips used in computers, and it can do that by using the new technology, Geraghty said.

So it makes sense for the company to funnel resources toward those chips and away from flash memory, he said.

One analyst disagreed that slumping demand could be responsible for Intel's decision. The company is probably figuring out the best way to use resources in a market that evolves rapidly, said Hans Mossesmann, managing director of semiconductor research at Prudential Securities Research in Menlo Park, Calif.

Intel recently said it expects to spend $7.5 billion on capital projects this year - almost $1 billion more than last year. Regardless of the reason for the slowdown, all of the analysts said they expect Intel to continue its presence in Colorado Springs. Rocky Scott, president of the Greater Colorado Springs Economic Development Corporation, said he doesn't expect the delay will hurt the region's economy.

The plant will have a stronger future if the company waits until the next generation of equipment is available, he said.

Construction workers who lose their jobs will be able to find work on road projects or other jobs going on throughout the state, Scott said.

"There is an enormous amount of infrastructure being built now," he said.

But companies such as Process Specialties, a Denver business that supplies Intel with gauges and other equipment, will lose money, said Cy Cajthaml, the company's president.

Intel makes up $40,000 to $50,000 of his monthly sales, he said.

He had expected to supply Intel until the end of 2002, but now has concerns that that won't be the case. He doesn't expect any layoffs at his company, which employs 80, as a result, however.

"We didn't have the work a year and a half ago, so we'll just go out and look for more," Cajthaml said.

Copyright 2001 The Denver Post. All rights reserved.
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.