To: craig crawford who wrote (162 ) 6/8/2001 2:50:12 AM From: craig crawford Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 1643 A Milestone Moment For an Energy Bonanza? Superconductor Cable to Undergo a Key Test in Detroit By Guy Gugliotta Washington Post Staff Writer Sunday, May 20, 2001; Page A03 washingtonpost.com The cable's 250 pounds of wire are a superconductor -- a revolutionary substance which, at very low temperatures, can carry much more electricity than ordinary wire and lose almost none of it in transmission. It will replace 18,000 pounds of copper in nine existing cables. For 90 years, scientists have dreamed about the eye-popping potential of superconductors. Superconductivity could make copper wire obsolete, shrink the size of motors by four-fifths and increase the carrying capacity of power grids by orders of magnitude. Brownouts and rolling outages like those plaguing California could become a thing of the past. American Superconductor stuffed a hollow silver ingot with a ceramic -- a black powder containing the elements bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper and oxygen -- and drew the ingot through progressively smaller dies. Once the tubes lengthened and narrowed to spaghetti-like strands, a bunch were bundled together and stuffed inside another silver jacket to begin the whole process again. Eventually, the wires were small enough to be passed through a roller and flattened into silvery ribbons a little more than an eighth of an inch wide. When the filaments were heated, the ceramic grains were aligned in a superconducting row. Yurek, who developed the process over a decade, compared it to "spreading a deck of cards." One silver "billet" about two feet long became part of a superconducting wire stretching nearly three-fifths of a mile. Frisbie "is a very telling application" because Pirelli will be substituting three superconducting cables for nine copper ones , said Nathan Kelley, senior engineer for superconductivity with Pirelli in North America. For while there is almost no energy loss in superconducting transmission, the gain is at least partly offset by the cost of pumping liquid nitrogen through the cable and by the need to make the wire with silver. American Superconductor currently sells wire for $200 per meter, a price expected to drop to $50 per meter when the company brings a new plant on line in 2002. Copper wire with an equivalent capacity costs $25 per meter , a price superconductors will not approach for several years -- until a new generation of wire that does not use silver comes on the market.