To: Raymond Duray who wrote (9350 ) 11/8/2001 9:04:11 AM From: Ilaine Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 281500 >>such onerous reparations demands on Germany that the economy there was ruined<< Sorry, but this statement is factually inaccurate, although it certainly represents the German "party line." As you know, I am working on a history of the Great Depression. Accordingly, I have made a very thorough study of the history of German reparations, the history of which will form at least a chapter. Entire books could be written about the topic, and indeed, have been. It is a fact that Germany was capable of making these reparations without being ruined, but interestingly, that point is irrelevant to what actually happened. Most people don't realize that the German hyperinflation was due to a policy of printing money deliberately pursued by the German government, primarily for the purpose of resisting French occupation of the Ruhr. All German factories in the occupied territory went on strike, and the German government shipped plates for printing money to the local authorities, who were instructed to print as much money as was needed to keep the strikers funded. It was understood that inflation would result, but also understood that inflation would wipe out debts. As soon as the French agreed to cease occupation, the Germans issued new marks, backed by gold, and the hyperinflation ceased. But that was trivial. The primary method used to avoid paying reparations was borrowing money from, primarily, people in America. The Germans borrowed more money than they ever owed in reparations. In large part, this was done through bond sales, and in large part the bond purchasers were people of German descent in the USA, but the interest rates were high enough that people all over the USA were happy to buy them. Germany was perceived as a good credit risk until 1927/1928. I believe, although I have not put this together definitely, that German solvency began to be questioned when Dr. Schacht (President of the Deutsches Bank) deliberately crashed the German stock market (1927). At about the same time, the US stock market began its famous rise, and bonds were less desireable in general. It may simply be that the Germans instituted capital controls to keep gold from flowing out (it was flowing to France and the US), and that's what made US bond underwriters less willing to float bonds in Germany. Or maybe it's all three - German stock market crash, German capital controls, and US stock market boom. What "ruined" the German economy was the unwillingness of bond holders to renew the bonds, for whatever reason. I subscribe to the recent theory that the Great Depression began in Germany, perhaps in 1927, no later than 1928. And, of course, the Great Depression began in the US months before the Great Crash, but that's another chapter. At any rate, in 1931, Hoover declared a moratorium on the repayment of reparations, as well as Allied repayment of monies borrowed during WWI. I would be happy to furnish sources for the above statements, but for most of them you would have to have access to a good university library. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ As for why the Germans started WWII - it wasn't due to the hyperinflation. The German economy had recovered quite nicely from hyperinflation long before the Great Depression, and the German economy had recovered quite nicely from the Great Depression before they invaded Poland.