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Politics : America Under Siege: The End of Innocence -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: joseph krinsky who wrote (10829)	11/20/2001 1:00:02 AM
From: joseph krinsky	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 27666

Thomas Gold October 2000 My new book, "The Deep Hot Bioshpere," (Copernicus, An Imprint of Springer-Verlag, New York, ISBN 0-387-98546-8) is now available in bookstores in the USA and United Kingdom. It can also be obtained on the Internet from Barnes & Noble or Amazon.com. It discusses most of the items listed below. The basic idea that a large amount of microbiol life exists in the pore spaces of the rocks down to depths of between 6 and 10 kilometers arose in the following way: natural petroleum almost always contains elevated levels of the chemically inert gas helium and at the same time it contains molecules that are unquestionably of biological origin. How these two different substances meet up in oil has long been a puzzle. If there exists microbial life, down to all levels that can be reached by the drill, then the biological molecules can be explained. The association with helium can then be explained adequetely if the hydrocarbons have come up from much deeper levels and thereby swept up the diffusely distributed helium that exists in the rocks. The evidence that such a deep bioshpere exists has now been strongly supported by microbiol studies in deep bore holes. Drilling deep into the crystalline granite of Sweden between 1986 and 1993 revealed substantial amounts of natural gas and oil. 80 barrels of oil were pumped up from a depth between 5.2 km and 6.7 km. Russian petroleum geologists followed this operation closely. Dr. P.N. Kropotkin reported at a meeting in Moscow that the discovery of oil deep in the Baltic Shield may be considered a decisive factor in the hundred year old debate about the biogenic or abiogenic origin of oil. This discovery was made in deep wells that were drilled in the central part of the crystalline Baltic Shield, on the initiative of T. Gold. Drilling into crystalline bedrock is now underway in Russia on a large scale. More than 300 wells have been drilled to a depth of more than 5 km and are productive, as also is the giant White Tiger field offshore Vietnam, mostly producing also from basement rock. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Outgassing processes of the Earth are discussed, and the relation they may have to: geophysics geochemistry sub-surface biology origin of petroleum earthquakes and volcanic eruptions deposits of certain metal ores chemical processing of the crust Sub-surface life on Earth may give an indication that similar life exists on other planetary bodies, and suggests means of looking for that. The material is presented in the form of assorted papers from the following menu. The most important information for estimating the value of a field: Recharging of oil and gas fields. people.cornell.edu The origin of petroleum Natural Gas and Oil people.cornell.edu The Origin of Methane (and oil) in the Crust of the Earth — This is a major paper, outlining the reasons why an origin from non-biological materials accounts better for the facts, than an origin from buried biomass (approximately 31 printed pages).http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/tg21/usgs.html Can There Be Two Different Processes Responsible for Commercial Oil? people.cornell.edu Evidence for a primordial origin of hydrocarbons people.cornell.edu On the History of Science - Excerpts from a paper by P.N. Kropotkin people.cornell.edu Depth Effects of Petroleum Association of hydrocarbons with helium and with biological molecules people.cornell.edu Association of Petroleum with Helium and Biological Molecules Causes of Earthquakes and Earthquake Prediction people.cornell.edu Earthquakes, Gases, and Earthquake Prediction Eye-witness Accounts of Several Major Earthquakes people.cornell.edu Sub-surface life on Earth and possibly on other planetary bodies The Deep, Hot Biosphere — Reason for suspecting massive microbial life in the crust of the Earth. people.cornell.edu Life on other Planets — Sub-surface life on Earth suggests that similar life may exist on other planetary bodies. people.cornell.edu The deposition of certain metal ores people.cornell.edu Metal Ores and Hydrocarbons T. Gold Vita people.cornell.edu Page updated regularly. Send e-mail to: tg21@cornell.edu people.cornell.edu