To: Maurice Winn who wrote (14881 ) 2/11/2002 2:57:10 PM From: Don Lloyd Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 74559 Maurice -...Deflation is when prices of products, goods and services are dropping.... This is true for at least one definition of deflation, but in and of itself it says nothing. Deflation can be factored into four distinct possible categories, each of which is distinguished by its direct cause. The general prices of goods and services fall as a result of : 1. Growth or Productivity Deflation - The money prices of goods fall because more efficient processes and methods utilize labor and other production factors more productively, and competition forces the benefits to flow through to the consumer in the form of lower prices. 2. Monetary Demand Deflation - For whatever reason, often a more pessimistic economic outlook, consumers increase their demand for money to hold in their cash balances. This necessarily has the effect of increasing the purchasing power of money, effectively reducing the money prices of goods, since not every consumer can increase his money holdings if the total supply of money is temporarily fixed. 3. Bank Credit Contraction Deflation - Part of the broad money supply is the total of bank credit extended in a fractional reserve banking system. When economic reverses produce high rates of insolvency, the banks not only fail to collect their coupon payments, and lose their extended loan principal, but become increasingly reluctant to make new loans. This reduction in the broad money supply means that the remaining money supply must take on a larger burden. This results in an increase in the purchasing power of money, and a concomitant reduction in the money prices of goods. 4. Government Confiscation Deflation - This is the result of the government either seizing, destroying, devaluing or encumbering the public's use of its money. This is what Argentina has recently accomplished. As above, the remaining money supply becomes more significant, and the result is lower money prices for goods. It should be clear that the mere fact of deflation, if defined as the falling money prices of goods and services, is of no descriptive or prescriptive value unless the particular type and cause of deflation is known. The four types of deflation above are ordered from very positive to very negative in effect. The two middle types, 2 and 3, can be considered as appropriate adjustments to prevailing and oncoming economic conditions, i.e. a need for future purchasing power and a correction to excessively expanded credit, respectively. On the other hand, type 1 is entirely positive and type 4 is completely negative. Regards, Don