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Politics : Idea Of The Day -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: IQBAL LATIF who wrote (42648)	5/22/2002 7:09:56 PM
From: bob oserin	Read Replies (2) \| Respond to of 50167

ben Laden captured? Comments?

To: IQBAL LATIF who wrote (42648)	5/23/2002 2:18:51 AM
From: IQBAL LATIF	Respond to of 50167

Courage to win peace Dr Akmal Hussain..www.dailytimes.com.pk India and Pakistan are cases of comprehensive elite failure. We have failed even to learn from the past and are now beating the drums of another war Once again the governments of India and Pakistan, divorced from any consideration for their respective people, and locked into the narrow logic of state power, are on the verge of war. During the five decades since independence, the elites in both countries have concentrated national resources on building state apparatuses while denying the bottom 30% of the people the minimum material conditions of civilized existence. As we glance back at the rich human potential of this region, generations of poor, mutilated by malnutrition come into sharp focus. At the same time the image of once verdant slopes of our northern mountains and the fertile fields that nestled at their feet begins to fade before the onset of deforestation and desertification. These processes threaten the livelihood of future generations. While undermining the present and future economic prospects of their people, successive governments in building the empty emblems of power have placed their hapless citizenry under crippling debt burdens. If this were not enough, while starving their people, they have nurtured a territorial dispute that has caused two wars. Worse still, locked into the syndrome of mutual demonization the elites have built a nuclear capability that could annihilate all life in the sub-continent. Even in the absence of such a holocaust the very presence of nuclear weapons in the armoury of neighbours in confrontation, places the average citizen at a terrible risk of death by nuclear accident. (It has been estimated that the probability of death due to a nuclear accident for the average citizen is higher than the probability of dying in a road accident). India and Pakistan are cases of comprehensive elite failure. We have failed even to learn from the past and are now beating the drums of another war. The Indian government while insisting on the subjugation of the people of Kashmir as an imperative of its statehood, has chosen to adopt a posture of inflexibility in its relations with Pakistan. In so doing, it is building a momentum towards war that leaves very little time and space to pull back, even if Pakistan were to seriously address Indian concerns of ‘cross-border terrorism’. On the other hand, successive governments in Pakistan have chosen to pursue a myopic and counter-productive policy on Kashmir. They have failed to follow the rational approach in the best interests of both Pakistan and the people of Indian Occupied Kashmir i.e., to let the indigenous Kashmiri movement follow its own course and to give it only political support in international fora on the basis of universally recognized principles of human rights and self-determination. Instead, during the last 14 years, Pakistan has sought to support insurgency in Kashmir as part of a military strategy that was presumed to bleed India into submission through what was imagined would be a ‘low cost’ operation. This strategy was inherently flawed both in the sense that it derailed the indigenous Kashmiri movement and at the same time politically strengthened India in its claim before the world community that it was a victim of international terrorism. Pakistan’s Kashmir Strategy also failed to take account of two fundamental interests of the Pakistani State. Firstly, the militant religious groups increasingly came to threaten the integrity of the State. While being active across the border, they were also emerging as rival powers to that of the State within Pakistan, with their own domestic agendas. Secondly, continued cross-border activity, and the burgeoning militant groups within the country, was not only isolating Pakistan in the international community and thereby constricting foreign capital inflows, but was also emerging as a major factor in declining domestic investment. Consequently, during the 1990s, declining investment and GDP growth was accompanied by rapidly rising poverty, unemployment and insecurity of citizens. At the same time there was such an acute financial crisis that the very ability of the government to maintain both military and development expenditure was seriously weakened. Even before the confrontation on the border with India, Pakistan’s military government was fighting the battle for national survival. While playing an important role in the war against terrorism along the Afghan border it had also put into place: (i) a carefully crafted strategy of economic revival, (ii) reducing its debt servicing burden to win the necessary fiscal space for accelerating GDP growth and reducing poverty, and (iii) reconstructing the institutional structure of governance. The logic of Pakistan’s role in the war against terrorism on the Afghan border and its strategy of economic revival meant that Pakistan’s Kashmir policy would also have to be changed. Now that war is close at hand, Pakistan has to consider its options very carefully. One option is that the government continues to remain ambiguous with respect to the issue of cross-border activity and thereby risk limited military conflict in Azad Kashmir. It is true that in a limited military conflict in Kashmir the exchange of blows is likely to be even. However, we must consider the high probability that such a conflict could quickly spin out of control and bring first a generalized conventional war along the international border followed by the unthinkable prospect of nuclear Armageddon. This could wipe out not only most of human life in the sub-continent but also most living species. Even if the war is restricted to the conventional level, since a clear cut victory for Pakistan is highly unlikely, it would mean a change in the regime of General Musharraf followed by a possible change in the strategy of national reconstruction he has put in place. The second option is to demonstrate a change in our Kashmir strategy and to seek international support for resolution of the Kashmir dispute and a comprehensive peace agreement with India. It is clear that the former course can bring no conceivable benefit for Pakistan while risking economic destruction at the minimum. The second option would open the way for a prosperous, secure and peaceful Pakistan. Given the baggage of misconceived foreign policy and military strategy of the past, choosing the option that is today in Pakistan’s best interests may be difficult. Yet we must remember that as we face a self-destructive yet avoidable war, the true test of patriotism lies not in saying how much we can do to conduct the war, but rather how much we can do to avoid it. At the same time the international community needs to move quickly in pulling back India from their own suicidal course and to help establish the basis of a lasting peace between the two countries. This is necessary as much for the prosecution of the war against terrorism as it is for avoiding a nuclear holocaust in the subcontinent that could destabilize global peace and environmental security. Finally the voices of reason inside and outside the Indian establishment must dissuade the Indian government from its destructive path with renewed energy and clarity of thought. What use is the Indian civilization, or indeed any civilization if it cannot be brought to bear to enhance life? The pursuit of power and hegemony by the Indian state over its own minorities and over its neighbouring states is an empty pursuit because it is drained of humanity and reason. To recall a line from Rilke: “Throw this emptiness out of your arms to broaden the spaces we breathe”. Dr Akmal Hussain has authored/co-authored ten books on economic policy. He has helped establish institutions for poverty alleviation and participatory development at the village, provincial and national levels. He has also contributed to Pakistan’s Macro economic policy as an independent economist. He is currently Senior Fellow at the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, adjunct faculty at LUMS and member Board of Governors of the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (Islamabad) and the South Asian Centre for Policy Studies (Dhaka