To: Jim McMannis who wrote (167528 ) 7/22/2002 10:09:57 PM From: Noel de Leon Respond to of 186894 Jim; re your position on the pledge decision and the founding of the USA. The Declaration of Independence is a document designed to justify revolution. It is not law. IMO it is the most anti government document ever created and in Jefferson's version God and Creator were not included. I believe that the words God and Creator were added to draw as many people to the revolutionary cause as possible. The Founding Fathers were quite astute. In their wisdom they created a Constitution and 10 amendments. These amendments embodied the philosophical basis for the USA as well as the body of law. Among other ideas, the Constitution, in the 10 amendments, contains the concept of separation of church and state. Thereby effectively (so they thought) removing the D of I as the basis of law in the USA. If you do a Google search on Jefferson you can find 3 references to Jefferson's writings on the necessity of revolution every few years. Here is one: ""I hold it, that a little rebellion, now and then, is a good thing, and as necessary in the political world as storms in the physical." -- Thomas Jefferson, Letter to James Madison, January 30, 1787" And other references to the dislike of religion that several Founding Fathers had. Here are 3: "% The United States is in no way founded upon the Christian religion -- George Washington & John Adams, in a diplomatic message to Malta. % This would be the best of all possible worlds, if there were no religion in it. -- John Adams, in a letter to Thomas Jefferson. % In every country and in every age, the priest has been hostile to liberty. He is always in alliance with the despot, abetting his abuses in return for protection to his own. -- Thomas Jefferson, 1814 %" Finally, I suggest you read the California pledge decision, if you haven't done so. I found it enlightening.