To: Hawkmoon who wrote (55224 ) 10/28/2002 3:48:04 PM From: Maurice Winn Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 281500 Hawk, I wasn't really referring to your use of the word as I find you a most excellent commentator on a wide variety of matters [though with an excessive bias toward power as a defining aspect of relationships - to understand how limited the use of force is as a means of establishing and maintaining relationships, one need only think of raising a baby to adulthood, or marriage]. Your post just made me think of the meaninglessness of labels [your usage is usually good, as far as I understand the words]. It's the bossy types who want to run other people's lives for them who are the most enthusiastic users of labels - probably because it avoids the need to think and reason, which would lead to people running their own lives. Farming people like sheep hasn't had a good or successful track record. We the sheople! On the use of 'nigga', many decades ago, my father explained to me how some people can use the most polite words but be dripping with contempt, arrogance and bad manners. It's the tone and meaning behind words which matters, not the actual words. In our culture, calling somebody a 'useless bastard' could well be a term of endearment. We have a birthday song "Why was he/she born so beautiful, why was he/she born at all? S/he's no bloody use to anyone, s/he's no bloody use at all". I think nigga, useless bastard, and the birthday song are group inclusiveness, identity and reminders of the humanist idea that people are equal and community dependent. People outside the group don't get such affectionate denigration [which I hasten to add is not a racist word here]. They get polite, respectful words. People outside the group shouldn't presume use of affectionate abuse. I wouldn't walk into a group of melanin-rich people calling themselves nigga and presume to use the same word. That would be insulting to them and I would expect to fail in establishing any kind of relationship other than an invitation to depart the scene in less than formal terms. If things are really serious, such as a person being a criminal, people would use formal words - such as "Mr" Winn, which would not be a mark of respect, but of distancing. But "Mr" might also be simple respect. It's a complex business all that stuff and it's not surprising it's hard to keep international relations on the straight and narrow. Okay, over and out. Mqurice