To: Les H who wrote (5162 ) 1/27/2003 12:11:02 PM From: Softechie Respond to of 29609 The Price of Stocks: Average P/S and P/E Ratios 27-Jan-03 08:27 ET [BRIEFING.COM - Robert V. Green] For nearly two years, we have been stating that a major theme of the market is a return to traditional valuations. Now that this trend appears to be finalizing, it is time to measure the "average" price of stocks. The "Price" Of A Stock With almost everything you buy, you have a general sense of whether the purchase is "cheap" or "expensive." In the stock market, cheap or expensive is defined by the "multiple" that you pay for the stock. The most common multiples are the price/earnings ratio and the price/sales ratio. The dollar amount is meaningless, generally, (except for stocks under $5, which often prevents institutions from buying the stock.) The market values the overall business with each individual share representing a prorated portion of that value. Therefore, to determine whether your stock is "cheap" or "expensive," you should compare the price/earnings ratio and price/sales ratios of your stock to the average ratios of comparable stocks. The following tables list the average multiples for all stocks in the market, except for stocks trading on the bulletin board system. We have segmented the stocks by the size of their revenue and their sector. Foreign stocks are not included. Note that the price/earnings ratio averages do not include companies with losses. Average P/S and P/E: Revenue Less Than $100 Million Sector Avg Market Cap Price/Sales Price/Earnings Revenue Growth Basic Materials 82.5 10.6 25.2 9.0 Capital Goods 36.3 1.8 22.4 38.0 Conglomerates None NA NA NA Consumer Cyclical 33.6 2.6 37 14.7 Consumer/Non-Cyclical 26.2 0.9 21.2 23.8 Energy 79.0 4.6 97.2 -18.9 Financial 103.3 12.4 24.1 -0.5 Healthcare 122.4 40.1 57.1 88.2 Services 72.2 6.6 58.5 43.8 Technology 67.1 10.2 77.6 -2.0 Transportation 17.4 0.4 61.2 -5.4 Utilities 102.5 2.6 17.2 -5.1 Note that with smaller companies, the revenue growth averages can be distorted by small companies with extreme revenue growth from a very small prior year number. Note: Healthcare includes biogenetic development-stage companies. Average P/S and P/E: Revenue $100 to $500 Million Sector Total Market Cap Price/Sales Price/Earnings Revenue Growth Basic Materials 182.4 0.8 17.3 0.2 Capital Goods 200.0 0.7 26.6 -0.6 Conglomerates None NA NA NA Consumer Cyclical 175.9 0.6 24.9 5.2 Consumer/Non-Cyclical 201.5 0.8 28.8 5.2 Energy 418.0 1.9 44.5 -3.3 Financial 559.2 2.5 16.5 3.9 Healthcare 591.0 2.5 42.1 42.2 Services 401.1 1.6 48.9 12.9 Technology 383.6 1.7 60.1* -3.0 Transportation 197.0 0.8 33.7 -1.1 Utilities 396.6 1.3 19.3 1.2 * 208 of the 320 technology stocks in this revenue segment have negative earnings and are not included in this average. Average P/S and P/E: Revenue Greater Than $500 Million Sector Total Market Cap Price/Sales Price/Earnings cRevenue Growth Basic Materials 2,352 0.7 28.4 3.2 Capital Goods 2,120 0.5 16.3 6.5 Conglomerates 21,617 1.1 19.8 -6.1 Consumer Cyclical 2,470 0.6 23.5 2.8 Consumer/Non-Cyclical 9,372 1.0 20.8 11.6 Energy 7,228 1.5 35.8 -4.4 Financial 7.772 2.0 30.1 4.1 Healthcare 12,807 2.3 39.9 15.4 Services 4,438 1.2 28.7 8.9 Technology 6,900 1.8 39.7* -0.1 Transportation 3,361 0.7 37.1 -1.3 Utilities 3,422 0.8 13.8 -10.4 * 83 of the 213 technology stocks in this revenue segment have negative earnings and are not included in this average. Closing Words The "average" prices listed above are only reference points for general comparison. If your stock is cheaper than the average price above, there may be a reason that you should be aware of. If your stock is more expensive than the above averages, there had better be a good reason that justifies it. Multiple expansion for the overall market is unlikely, in general, for the coming year, given modest economic improvement. The best argument for an increase in stock price for any individual company is improved business performance. If you can find a stock with good prospects for improved business and is cheap compared to the average price of stocks in the same sector with similar revenue, it is likely that a good investment premise can be developed. Comments may be emailed to the author, Robert V. Green, at rvgreen@briefing.com Source for fundamental data on which this analysis is based: Marketguide