To: Sun Tzu who wrote (35 ) 5/7/2003 3:11:45 PM From: Volsi Mimir Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 520 I believe the core of the issue is the individual. And more specifically, the individual's memory, for if one cannot remember anything taught or experienced, then to believe or have a belief is meaningless. We owe gratitude for the conscious loss of memories at times, it is healthy or it happens, most are retained in the frontal cortex.Those ingrained (taught as young), indoctrinated or habitually established (new discoveries of self) and accidentally placed (new environments) becomes our belief system. That is why there are so many and all are true because they are believed, good or bad or whatever standard one may use. Remember Greeks and Romans didn't have "Good or Evil" as their standard, it was "Order and Chaos".Order and chaos beliefs gave rise to science through observation, much was destroyed by beliefs of good and evil. (IMHO) I do like myths and how they affected the world (cultures) in their time and subsequent consequences. Pretty cool observation, curiosity, imagination, rationalizing and conclusions. All of them are true if believed. I believe I'll have an Old Milwaukee and toast to the believers. We tend to argue when it all becomes not from self but becomes a social hierarchy when good and evil are interwoven with order and chaos. We become cultures to varying degrees. Now as far as history changing religion, I have a book entitled "Sex Lives of the Popes" by Nigel Cawthorne (1997). (Got it for a buck at a used book shop- hope you can find one) A fun romp of stories, passages, accounts, gossip? into a seamy side of the christian-catholics filled with politics, power, greed, and sex of a number of the Popes (not all) which in the beginning of Christianity was the head of that religious movement. It's not well referenced or footnotated, the bibliography is two pages long but the books or manuscripts he does mention can be found so there is some credence to it. One is the "Index of Forbidden Books" which started in the 1500's till 1966 which censured what could be published or read. History changed from that in one of the things that was done was to have the first thirty popes be historically shown as martyrs even though they didn't, some were married till a decree by someone........ its in the book and of course what was deemed evil or subversive or non-Christian or exposes went in there. They even published the index but later realized that too many people were getting information prohibited from that instead of avoiding and stopped it. Funny. Also look up "The Book of Gomorrah" by St. Peter Damian (online)(referenced in the book) and see the relevance to today's Catholic crisis. One of many. History is always changed to favor the one in power or for control. Our little part in this world can ask or seek answers to question or challenge these but most can't and either must or do accept what's told or preached. How fortunate for those who can ask. You can get lost in this site:fordham.edu The belief in after life is ingrained in our genes Only if you are taught......... Like having only one father?....... This society thinks not---- they are taught to believe differently: Anthropologist Stephen Beckerman was well into his forties before he finally understood how babies are made. He had thought, as most people do, that a sperm from one man and an egg from one woman joined to make a child. But one summer day, as he and his colleague Roberto Lizarralde lounged around in hammocks, chatting with Rachel, an elderly woman of the Barí tribe of Venezuela, she pointed out his error. Babies, she explained, can easily have more than one biological father. "My first husband was the father of my first child, my second child, and my third child," Rachel said, recalling her life. "But the fourth child, actually, he has two fathers." It was clear that Rachel didn't mean there was a stepfather hanging around or a friendly uncle who took the kid fishing every weekend. She was simply explaining the Barí version of conception to these ignorant anthropologists: A fetus is built up over time with repeated washes of sperm— which means, of course, that more than one man can contribute to the endeavor. This interview changed not only the way Beckerman and Lizarralde viewed Barí families but also brought into question the very way that anthropologists portray human coupling. If biological fatherhood can be shared—an idea accepted by many indigenous groups across South America and in many other cultures across the globe—then the nuclear family with one mom and one dad might not be the established blueprint for a family that we have been led to expect. If so, the familiar story of traditional human mating behavior, in which man the hunter brings home the bacon to his faithful wife, loses credibility. And if the Barí and other groups work perfectly well with more flexible family styles, the variety of family structures that are increasingly common in Western culture these days—everything from single-parent households to blended families—may not be as dangerous to the social fabric as we are led to believe. People in this culture may simply be exercising the same family options that humans have had for millions of years, options that have been operating in other cultures while the West took a stricter view of what constitutes a family. {MORE............)discover.com How Many Fathers are Best For a Child? After 40 years of visiting the Barí Indians in Venezuela, anthropologists have discovered a new twist on family values By Meredith F. Small Photography by Abbas So... who's you're (Hoosier) daddy? an old Indiana State joke.