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Politics : Support the French! Viva Democracy! -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?


To: zonder who wrote (2184)7/25/2003 7:37:28 AM
From: Tom Clarke  Read Replies (3) | Respond to of 7834
 
I am curious to know more about the Alta Vendita document. I'm surprised you've never come across references to the Carbonari in your reading.

Carbonari



Carbonari [Ital.,=charcoal burners], members of a secret society that
flourished in Italy, Spain, and France early in the 19th cent. Possibly
derived from Freemasonry, the society originated in the kingdom of
Naples in the reign of Murat (1808–15) and drew its members from all
stations of life, particularly from the army. It was closely organized,
with a ritual, a symbolic language, and a hierarchy. Beyond advocacy of
political freedom its aims were vague. The Carbonari were partially
responsible for uprisings in Spain (1820), Naples (1820), and Piedmont
(1821). After 1830 the Italian Carbonari gradually were absorbed by the
Risorgimento movement; elsewhere they disappeared.

infoplease.com

I know Europeans take their Masonry more seriously than Americans do. This is about as serious as Americans get, from what I can judge through personal observations.

Message 19034516



To: zonder who wrote (2184)7/25/2003 8:23:32 AM
From: Solon  Read Replies (3) | Respond to of 7834
 
"The allegation that Freemasons want one of theirs as Pope is so ridiculous that..."

The Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher was a Freemason (1887-1972).

Many kings, Dukes, scientists (Jenner and Newton, for example) have been Masons.

I have read with some amusement your hot tempered denials of every link anyone has posted to you. But regardless of your denials and your apparent superiority...the history of freemasonry is convoluted and involved and has links which go back to before biblical times. I don't have time to research the matter right now but I would be very surprised if there were not at least one mason as Pope in history...