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To: stockman_scott who wrote (48728)6/10/2004 10:52:14 AM
From: Wharf Rat  Respond to of 89467
 
Reagan played decisive role in Saddam Hussein's survival in Iran-Iraq war

Wed Jun 9, 3:06 AM ET


WASHINGTON, (AFP) - As Americans mourn the passing of president Ronald Reagan (news - web sites), almost forgotten is the decisive part his administration played in the survival of Iraq (news - web sites)'s president Saddam Hussein (news - web sites) through his eight year war with Iran.




US soldiers now fighting the remnants of Saddam's regime can look back to the early 1980s for the start of a relationship that fostered the rise of the largest military in the Middle East, one whose use of chemical weapons set the stage for last year's war.

Reagan, determined to check arch-foe Iran, opened a back door to Iraq through which flowed US intelligence and hundreds of millions of dollars in loan guarantees even as Washington professed neutrality in Baghdad's war with Tehran.

It was complemented by French weaponry and German dual-use technology that experts say wound up in Iraq's chemical and biological warfare programs.

Donald Rumsfeld, then Reagan's special Middle East envoy, is credited with establishing the back channel to Saddam on a secret trip to Baghdad in December 1983.

Washington had plenty of motives to help Saddam stave off an Iranian victory. Not only was the United States still smarting from the 1980 hostage-taking at the US embassy in Tehran, but its embassy and a marine barracks in Beirut had been struck with truck bombings earlier in 1983.

In fact, the United States had begun to tilt in favor Baghdad even before Rumsfeld's arrival in Baghdad.

In February 1982, the State Department dropped Baghdad from its list of state sponsors of terrorism, clearing the way for aid and trade.

A month later, Reagan ordered a review of US policy in the Middle East which resulted in a marked shift in favor of Iraq over the next year.

"Soon thereafter, Washington began passing high-value military intelligence to Iraq to help it fight the war, including information from US satellites that helped fix key flaws in the fortifications protecting al-Basrah that proved important in Iran's defeat in the next month," wrote Kenneth Pollack in his recently published book "The Threatening Storm."

Economic aid poured into Iraq in the form of hundreds of millions of dollars worth of loan guarantees to buy US agricultural products, indirectly aiding the war effort.

Sales of UH-1H helicopters and Hughes MD-500 Defender helicopters were approved by Washington. Though sold as civilian aircraft, nobody objected when they were quickly converted for military use.

A May 9, 1984 memo unearthed by the National Security Archive, a Washington research organization, noted that US policy for the sale of dual-use equipment to Iraq's nuclear program also was reviewed.

The memo said its "preliminary results favor expanding such trade to include Iraqi nuclear entities."

By March 1985, the United States was issuing Baghdad export permits for high tech equipment crucial for its weapons of mass destruction programs, according to Pollack.

US allies also were active in Iraq.

"By 1982, Iraq accounted for 40 percent of French arms exports," wrote Pollack. "Paris sold Baghdad a wide range of weapons, including armored vehicles, air defense radars, surface-to-air missiles, Mirage fighters, and Exocet anti-ship missiles."



"German firms also rushed in without much compunction, not only selling Iraq large numbers of trucks and automobiles but also building vast complexes for Iraq's chemical warfare, biological warfare, and ballistic missile programs," he wrote.

The aid came despite clear evidence as early as mid-1983 that Iraq was using chemical weapons on Iranian forces.

Washington said nothing publicly, but noted "almost daily" Iraqi use of chemical weapons in internal reports.

"We have recently received additional information confirming Iraqi use of chemical weapons," a November 1, 1983 State Department memo said. "We also know that Iraq has acquired a CW production capability, primarily from western firms, including possibly a US foreign subsidiary."

It said "our best present chance of influencing cessation of CW use may be in the context of informing Iraq of these measures."

Washington did not publicly denounce Iraqi use of chemical weapons until March, 1984 after it was documented in a UN study.

The Reagan administration opened full diplomatic relations with Baghdad in November, 1984. Iraqi chemical attacks continued not only on Iranian forces but also on Kurdish civilians, notably at Hallabja in 1987.

For its support, Pollack wrote, Washington got a bulwhark against Iran, cheap oil and Iraqi support for peace neogtiations with Israel.

But when the Iran-Iraq war ended, Baghdad was left with huge debts and a large and menacing military looking for easy prey.

news.yahoo.com



To: stockman_scott who wrote (48728)6/10/2004 10:57:54 AM
From: Wharf Rat  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 89467
 
Well, it's about time. Where youse been? That's no excuse; don't let it happen again.
Last one B4 bed; if you put this on in an hr, O'Franken be playing some Dead for you.

Rat


Buy My Internet Radio, Please
Peter Kafka, 06.03.04, 3:00 PM ET

NEW YORK - AirAmerica, the newly launched radio network aimed at liberal listeners who prefer Al Franken's smirk to Rush Limbaugh's snarl, had a rough start this spring. In its first month of operation, the network saw top executives leave, had trouble meeting payroll and struggled to make its signal heard from a mere six radio stations.




But in cyberspace, AirAmerica has been a hit. In its heavily hyped first week of broadcast, the network sent 2 million streams out to listeners who dialed in via computer--either because they were away from a nearby radio or, in most cases, because no local radio station carried the programming.

For AirAmerica, the Internet has been a fundamental part of the fledgling network's launch strategy. Since the terrestrial radio stations controlled by the likes of Viacom (nyse: VIA.B - news - people ) and Clear Channel Communications (nyse: CCU - news - people ) would be hard to come by, "we thought it was very important from day one to be live on the Internet," says AirAmerica Chief Executive Doug Kreeger.

But AirAmerica's relationship with Internet radio could also be symbiotic. Though more and more listeners are dabbling with streaming broadcasts through their desktop PCs--Arbitron/Edison Media Resarch says 40% of Americans have tried tuning in to Internet radio, and 38 million do so at least once a month--if the medium is going to become mainstream, it will need content that's hard to find in other places.

AirAmerica fits that bill, says Michael Harrison, publisher of Talkers, a radio trade magazine. "All of a sudden you had Mr. Mainstream America, who isn't advanced technologically, trying out radio on their computers," he says. "Suddenly AM/FM stations seem very old-fashioned."

Right now, old-fashioned AM/FM stations are where advertisers prefer to spend their dollars--some $20 billion each year. The Internet radio advertising market, by contrast, is so small that there are no reliable estimates. But think single-digit millions. Still, Net radio backers argue that they are already primed to start competing for at least a sliver of the terrestrial market.

"The audience is there," says David Goldberg, vice president of music at Yahoo! (nasdaq: YHOO - news - people ), which offers Internet radio through its Launch service. "The consumer demand is tremendous. Now it's really kind of figuring out how to make it work from the advertisers' perspective."

Part of the task, says Goldberg, is finding evangelizers who can work with ad buyers to convince them that Internet radio is a worthwhile buy. To that end, Yahoo!--along with Microsoft (nasdaq: MSFT - news - people ), Time Warner's (nyse: TWX - news - people ) AOL and Live 365, a company that aggregates thousands of do-it-yourself Net radio stations--has hired radio veterans Eric Ronning and Andy Lipset to sell U.S.-wide ad spots across its Internet radio properties.

"We've had to educate the market," says Ronning. He believes his clients--whose listeners are generally more educated and affluent than the average terrestrial radio listener--should be able to command the same kind of rates that conventional stations generate: between $5 and $20 per thousand listeners. Ronning and Lipset think Net radio can generate $100 million in annual advertising dollars in short order.

Arguably true, says Matt Feinberg, senior vice president at Zenith Media, a media buying and planning outfit. But he says the fragmented nature of Internet radio makes it a difficult sell. Individual stations have comparatively tiny audiences, and since the listenership is spread throughout the world, there's no point in buying local advertising. And even though the four networks Ronning and Lipset represent each reach 1 million to 2 million listeners per week, that's just the equivalent of a single reasonably successful terrestrial station. That makes it a tricky sell for a major advertiser that wants U.S.-wide exposure.

"Yes, it's viable, because it's real," says Feinberg. "But is it viable in terms of audience delivery? Though [Internet radio shows] do have an audience, they're small. And no one would tell you otherwise."

So how will Net radio grow? Like every other Net-based media business, Internet radio execs expect their growth curve to parallel that of broadband, currently at some 40% of American homes. And they argue that their advantages compared to terrestrial radio--a nearly infinite number of offerings, each geared toward different entertainment niches; limited advertising; and, in some cases, customizable stations--sway consumers who sample the services.

But they have to try it first.

Thus the importance of offerings like AirAmerica: highly publicized, can't-get-it-anywhere-else programming. Who knew Al Franken's interests dovetailed with those of Bill Gates?





forbes.com



To: stockman_scott who wrote (48728)6/10/2004 1:04:47 PM
From: Jim Willie CB  Read Replies (6) | Respond to of 89467
 
the objective for AlQaeda is to remove the Saudi leaders
and keep the entire oil facility structures intact

notice how several violent events inside Saudi
and not one incident involving destroyed facilities

this Saudi extended royal family is the most corrupt leader regime in modern history
and they are USGovt's best friends

/ jim