To: Tommaso who wrote (21935 ) 1/21/2005 4:05:27 PM From: mishedlo Respond to of 116555 High cost of a low-payment loan WASHINGTON — Are low monthly payments on a home mortgage always good? Are you kidding? Of course they are, you might answer. But a report issued by a Wall Street firm suggests that some low-payment loans in today's hot market could cause problems for borrowers who don't really understand the risks they entail. FOR THE RECORD: Loan amount —A story in Sunday's Real Estate section, "High Cost of a Low-Payment Loan," miscalculated the increase on a sample loan after the initial payment period. The article said that the payment change from $1,167 to $2,184 was a $917 increase. It is a $1,017 increase. The report is from Dominion Bond Rating Service, a company that evaluates the risk characteristics of mortgage securities purchased by deep-pocket investors. Those bond investors now provide most of the funds lent to U.S. home buyers, and they view defaults and foreclosures as dread diseases to be avoided. The study focused investors' attention on two widely used loan features that reduce buyers' monthly payments or let them fudge their incomes: interest-only loans and no-documentation "stated-income" mortgages. "Some of the new mortgages we see are very scary," said Susan Kulakowski, a Dominion vice president and co-author of the report. "They allow people to qualify solely on the basis of a low initial payment" rather than on what they can truly afford. Then the mortgages turn into money-gobbling monsters that can push consumers into payment shock, default and foreclosure almost overnight. Kulakowski is especially concerned about the short-term "hybrid" interest-only loans now flooding the market to help consumers with marginal credit or income buy houses. Interest-only mortgages require no pay-down of principal for a set time at a low fixed-interest rate. Payments during that period typically are set well below what a borrower would pay on a conventional, 30-year fixed-rate loan. At the end of the initial period, which may be as short as two or three years, the loans convert to fully amortizing adjustable-rate mortgages at prevailing market rates. Principal reduction now kicks in, but because of the compression of the payback period — 25 to 28 years — and the addition of principal to the payment mix, the total costs can balloon 50% to 70%. Marginally qualified home buyers jolted with such payment increases within 24 to 36 months of their purchase "are very likely" to be pushed beyond their ability to pay the loan, Kulakowski said. Their only option may be to refinance, but since they may still not be able to afford market-rate payments, they could be stuck over their heads in house debt. As an example, Dominion's report tracked a popular "3/1" interest-only hybrid — closed in September — through a projected payment scenario over the next 10 years. The original loan was for $350,000, at a 4% payment rate for the initial 36 months. (The "3/1" designation refers to the initial three-year period of fixed payments on interest only, followed by conversion to a market-rate adjustable whose rate changes once a year for the remaining 27-year term.) The buyers' initial-period payment, which they used to qualify to purchase the house on their then-current income, came to just $1,167 a month. That is $773 a month less than they would have to pay on a competing, 30-year fixed-rate mortgage of $350,000 at September's lowest-available 5.28% rate. What happens after the 36th month? The payment rockets to $2,184 — an overnight increase of $917 that would put a severe strain on most new homeowners' budgets. In a faster-rising rate environment, the shock would be even worse. By year 10, according to Dominion's projections, the owners would be paying close to $2,700 a month. Kulakowski is concerned about other default-prone mortgage products too. Potentially worst of all are "stated-income" loans made to borrowers with marginal credit scores. Stated-income or no-documentation loans allow borrowers to dispense with the usual proof of income — W-2s from their employers, for instance — and proof of assets such as bank deposits. Dominion says no-documentation mortgages "were originally intended for self-employed borrowers" who owned businesses or had substantial income or assets they did not wish to list as part of a loan application. Recently, however, the concept "has been expanded to include salaried borrowers who cannot or will not show proof of income." Why don't people with W-2 documented salaries want to show them? Many are buying houses with prices they can't afford. And if the economy falters or their incomes drop, they will be the first into foreclosure.latimes.com