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Pastimes : Let's Talk About Our Feelings!!! -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?


To: ManyMoose who wrote (102968)5/2/2005 11:25:10 PM
From: Grainne  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 108807
 
How is a horse supposed to communicate with someone who paid for a carriage ride that it is cold, hungry, tired, overworked or its legs hurt? Just because you took rides where the horses appeared to be okay, that is not really significant proof that they were.

I never really thought about the plight of carriage horses before today, but it is a real consciousness raising to read an article about their abuse. As I said before, carriage rides are pure frivolous luxury for those who can afford them. I would certainly err on the side of really stringent, well enforced regulations for the horses. The article gave examples of how the regulations are very carelessly written and not enforced at all.

I'm afraid we don't agree about the Iditarod, either. Sled dogs are bred in vast numbers so that most of them can be culled very cruelly and a few can run in the races. Many freeze to death during the race, drop dead from stress, heart problems, or whatever, or are simply driven to death. This is a quaint custom that is very cruel to dogs. It would be better that the dogs were never born than to have to endure that kind of cruelty.

helpsleddogs.org

Victims of cold, fatigue and greed (page 2)

Even back home in Miami, Glickman had heard of the Iditarod. It was a 1,149-mile dog sled race in the middle of winter across Alaska. Designed to commemorate the diphtheria run that saved lives in 1925, the Iditarod had become romantic legend, courageous mushers crossing forests, rivers, tundra and mountain ranges with enthusiastic canines. What glory! Ah, but where was the glory in this?

"I was appalled," she said.

Glickman had never been an activist in her life. She was a first-grade teacher. She was a mom. She was in Alaska to relax. Problem was, she couldn't.

"Of 300 dogs on a dog farm," Glickman said, "five might be judged good enough to run in the Iditarod. The rest? Most of them would be culled."

They would be killed, by clubs, by gunshot, by being dragged to death in harness. Some were skinned for parkas and mittens. Her indignation grew in direct proportion to her curiosity. Glickman found dogs working on exercise wheels, like hamsters. She found dogs with muscle tears, raw paws, hypothermia, dislocated joints, penile frostbite, fluid in legs and lungs.

The 32nd running of the Iditarod concludes this weekend, and though records weren't kept for the first 10 years of the race, Glickman now has counted 122 dogs who have died during the last 22 years. She was not alone in her disgust.

"With a buildup of lactic acid and other chemicals from muscle degradation as a result of extreme exercise," said Dr. Paula Kislak, President of the Association of Veterinarians for Animal Rights, "toxicity in the liver and kidneys may not cause death for days or weeks after a race."

So the 122 confirmed deaths?

"Adding the dogs who were culled, died in training and died after the race from complications," Dr. Kislak said, "the number is in the thousands. That is obscene. The race only is run for entertainment and to make money."

Greed is not confined to professional baseball players. The economic impact to Anchorage alone is estimated at $5 million. The Iditarod is a money-maker. Glickman, 56, has launched Sled Dog Action Coalition, a nonprofit volunteer-only organization. She has been so successful, sponsors like Pizza Hut, Pfizer and Costco have dropped out. She has received death threats, enough of them so that she doesn't go to Alaska.

"It is unconscionable," Glickman said. "They (mushers) say they love their dogs, but they don't love their dogs. It is an act of barbarism. It is a shameless, bloody business."

In the Iditarod, dogs are a car tire that goes flat. Just get another one. Except a car tire was never named Lassie or Ol' Yeller. A car tire never welcomed you home at night. A car tire never took the edge off feeling lonely. A car tire never played with the kids, and a kid never cried when the car tire died.

If a dog is man's best friend, this is not how you treat your best friend. You don't push him so hard he can't even exhale to vomit but instead chokes on it while falling down.

And as he watches his dog writhe on the ground, what can the musher possibly say that would even remotely make this sight worthwhile?



To: ManyMoose who wrote (102968)5/2/2005 11:29:55 PM
From: Grainne  Respond to of 108807
 
Here are some more reports about the way sled dogs are created in Alaska, and the problems that creates. I have not used any documentation from PETA at all. The web is just full of reports about the Iditarod and all the kinds of abuse of dogs that come from it. It is hard to imagine that anyone could know about how much the sled dogs suffer and still condone this "custom."

helpsleddogs.org

Abuse in Iditarod kennels

What the Alaska SPCA says

Permanent chaining of dogs is cruel, dangerous and makes dogs aggressive

Killing or culling unwanted dogs

Some culled Iditarod dogs are skinned for fur

Mushers charged with animal cruelty and reckless neglect

Untold story of dog care costs

What the Alaska SPCA says

Alaska SPCA has criticized the Iditarod and has condemned how mushers treat their dogs:

"The race should not be a race! The original serum run was done in relays. It is what happens "BEHIND THE SCENES" during the rest of the year that needs to be told.... The breeding, culling [killing] and poor treatment needs to be exposed."

- Email to the Sled Dog Action Coalition, March 4, 2002
- Ethel D. Christensen, volunteer Executive Director, Alaska SPCA

Permanent chaining of dogs is cruel, dangerous and makes dogs aggressive

Keeping dogs continuously chained is massive psychological cruelty:

[Iditarod dogs are tethered on chains as short as four feet. Each dog is kept in one spot and cannot interact normally with other dogs. Many kennels have more than 100 dogs and some have more than 200 dogs. In his introduction to the book Father of the Iditarod, Joe Redington, co-founder of the race, admitted that by 1990 he had 527 dogs living in his kennel.]

"Dogs are naturally social beings who thrive on interaction with human beings and other animals. A dog kept chained in one spot for hours, days, months or even years suffers immense psychological damage. An otherwise friendly and docile dog, when kept continuously changed, becomes neurotic, unhappy, anxious and often aggressive."

- King 5 Television, Seattle, December, 2002, website

"Canada's best-known expert on dog behaviour says keeping a dog on a short chain its whole life and depriving it of social interaction is as cruel as depriving a two-year-old child of the same basic necessities.

Dr. Stanley Coren, a University of B.C. psychology professor, was commenting on a case in Victoria, where the SPCA seized an 11-month-old rottweiler from a house at 510 Raynor Ave. after it was alleged that the dog spent her entire life on the end of a 2.5-metre chain. [From the Sled Dog Action Coalition: A 2.5 metre chain is 8.202 feet. Iditarod dogs are kept on chains 4 to 5 feet long.]

It was the first time in the B.C. SPCA's history that the society seized an animal on grounds of psychological, rather than physical, abuse."

"I think the easiest way to think about what's going on is to remember that a dog has the mind of a two-year-old human child," Coren said. "If someone took a two-year-old child and tied him to his bed area, forced him to eat near his feces, allowed him to get cold and in the way of drafts, and didn't give him any social support, I think we would agree that everyone in the world would claim that this was massive cruelty.

That's the mind you're dealing with when you're dealing with a dog. The same kind of things that will damage that two-year-old's mind will damage a dog's mind."

- Nicholas Read, Vancouver Sun, February 28, 2002

The necks of chained dogs become raw and infected:

"In many cases, the necks of chained dogs become raw and covered with sores, the result of improperly fitted collars, and the dog's constant yanking and straining to escape confinement."

Sebastian County Humane Society, Fort Smith, AR, December, 2002, website

Tethering makes dogs easy targets for attacks by other animals, etc:

"A chained animal may suffer...stinging bites from insects, and, in the worst cases attacks by other animals."

- King 5 Television, Seattle, December, 2002, website

"It jeopardizes the dog's welfare by exposure to attacks, accidents, direct and indirect poisoning, sick animals, etc."

- Dennis Fetko, Ph.D. December, 2002, Dr. Dog website
- Dr. Fetko is and expert in animal training and behavior

Dogs on chains are easy marks for wolves, foxes and coyotes:

"'A dog on a chain is an easy mark,' [Howard] Golden said. He said the size of the dogs attacked suggests wolves, not coyotes, are responsible. Coyotes weigh 40 to 50 pounds. An adult wolf typically weighs 85 to 115 pounds."

- Howard Golden is an Alaska state Fish and Game biologist
- Ben Spiess, Anchorage Daily News, April 6, 2003

"But when he looked out, he saw an arctic fox pulling dog-food pans to the side of the yard and licking them out. [Randy] Romenesko said he shooed the fox away with a shovel, but it came back. It tried stealing a pan from one of his chained sled dogs, which lunged at the fox and missed."

"'I kind of threw the shovel at him. But he didn't run off, he ran toward me.'

'Then I realized I was no longer armed,' he said. He ran in the house, grabbed his .22-caliber rifle, waited for a clean shot and dispatched the fox.

It had behaved so oddly that he contacted local authorities, who shipped the fox's head to the state virology lab in Fairbanks. The results: positive for rabies".

- Steve Rinehart, Anchorage Daily News, March 20, 1997

Dogs easily made sick from eating animal feces and bird droppings:

"Dogs are scavengers by nature, taking treats where they can find them. It's impossible to explain to a dog that eating a particular item could cause injury or death. As a result, it has become a human responsibility to protect dogs from foraging instincts that might have been useful in the wild but can be deadly to companion dogs.

Risky Business:

Several things your dog can find outdoors are harmful if swallowed. You can see some of the hazards, but others you cannot:

- Animal feces and bird droppings. Animal feces can transmit parasites, bacterial infection, or virus to the dog."

- VeterinaryPartner.com, January, 2005

Flies who bite are attracted by odor of waste on the ground:

"When you see a dog house with a circle of dirt around it, you know you are looking at the 'home' of a chained dog. The area where the dogs can move about becomes hard-packed dirt that carries the stench of animal waste even if the owner picks up fecal material.

The odor of waste draws flies, which bite the dog's ears often causing serious bloodly wounds."

- Jean V. Johnson, WHS/SPCA News, 1991

Dogs on chains are vulnerable to lightning strikes:

"Dog houses are not safe, and dogs which are chained to metal chains or wire runners are particularly vulnerable to a nearby lightning strike."

- National Weather Service, Public Information Statement, May, 2002

-- Lightning storms occur during winter and summer months:

"Usually they [thunderstorms and lightning] are observed along the Outer Coast as strong cold fronts move in from the Gulf of Alaska. Interestingly, these storms can occur during the winter months as well as during summer."

"Very active thunderstorm days may feature 2,000 to 5,000 lightning strikes, mainly occurring during the late afternoon hours in late June and early July."

- National Weather Service, Juneau, Lightning Page, website article, April, 2003

Dogs on chains are vulnerable to attacks by rabid animals:

"But when he looked out, he saw an arctic fox pulling dog-food pans to the side of the yard and licking them out. [Randy] Romenesko said he shooed the fox away with a shovel, but it came back. It tried stealing a pan from one of his chained sled dogs, which lunged at the fox and missed."

"'I kind of threw the shovel at him. But he didn't run off, he ran toward me.'

'Then I realized I was no longer armed,' he said. He ran in the house, grabbed his .22-caliber rifle, waited for a clean shot and dispatched the fox.

It had behaved so oddly that he contacted local authorities, who shipped the fox's head to the state virology lab in Fairbanks. The results: positive for rabies".

- Steve Rinehart, Anchorage Daily News, March 20, 1997

Dogs on chains are vulnerable to attacks by humans:

"Alaska State Troopers and school officials are investigating the slaying of a Teller teacher's dog by some of her students, officials said Tuesday.

Five kids -- three girls and two boys -- between the ages of 13 and 15 have been linked to the stabbing death of the sled dog Willow, a member of the teacher's mushing team.

Trooper spokesman Greg Wilkinson said two of the girls were present when the dog was killed but didn't participate in the stabbing. The third girl held the dog's head and comforted it while the two boys stabbed it with knives, troopers said."

- Tataboline Brant, Anchorage Daily News, November 10, 2004

"Alaska State Troopers found the 18 sled dogs that were reportedly shot to death in the village of Manley three weeks ago.

The dogs disappeared on April 8. The dogs were gone when their owner, recreational musher Chuck Parker, returned home from work that day. There was evidence the dogs had been shot and removed from a dog lot in the small town at the end of the Elliott Highway."

- Staff Report, Fairbanks News-Miner, April 28, 2005

Tethers can strangle dogs:

"Chains/ropes can get tangled and result in the dogs's being strangled or dangerously restricted."

Mohawk & Hudson River Humane Society, New York, December, 2002, website

Continuous confinement by a tether is inhumane:

"Our experience in enforcing the Animal Welfare Act has led us to conclude that continuous confinement of dogs by a tether is inhumane."

- The United States Department of Agriculture, 1996

"What we've done we've done for the citizens of this town because of safety first, and it's a humane thing to do for the animals."

- Councilman Woody Jumper of Big Spring, Texas talking about the city council voting to ban tethering
- Thomas Jenkins, Big Spring Herald, July 28, 2004

"If you need to secure your dog, get a big fence. If you need a security system, install an electronic one. If you want a dog but aren't willing to love it and consider its needs, get a stuffed one.

Chaining a dog all the time is no way to treat a thinking, breathing, trusting, loving creature."

- Marty Becker, DVM, Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service, January 21, 2003

"Dogs offer people undying loyalty and unconditional love. In return, they ask for nothing more than a sense of belonging." "To banish a dog permanently to the backyard, while the rest of his 'family' enjoy one another inside, is a betrayal of this loving pact -- that is not way to treat man's best friend"

- Nathan J. Winograd, The Ithaca Journal, November 21, 2003
- Winograd is the executive director of the Tompkins County SPCA

Chaining makes dogs aggressive:

"He [Eric Blow] said more effective are laws like the one in Louisville that bar dogs from being chained for more than one hour a day because chaining a dog has been shown to create aggressive behavior"

- Eric Blow, director of Metro Animal Services in Louisville, KY
- Andrew Wolfson, The Courier Journal, May 13, 2004

"'These are the dogs that bite,' said Robert Goldman, president of the Southern California Veterinary Medical Assn. 'When someone ties a dog to a chain in their yard, you've got a dog that is a time bomb.'"

- Jessica Garrison, Los Angeles Times, August 19,2004

"'You wouldn't tie your children outside,' he [Roger Mugford] said. 'Keep them indoors with you. And if you can't do that, don't keep a dog.'

'Dogs, just like human beings who get locked up for no reason, will get mean and bitter,' he said."

- Roger Muford is an international dog expert
- Glenn Bohn, Vancouver Sun, April 28, 2003

"It triggers a built-in thigmotaxic (opposition reflex) response to lunge toward stimuli.

It introduces the pain or discomfort of the restraint into any interaction. Both are common motives for aggression on their own; added to perceived threats and thigmotaxis, they are explosive.

It exacerbates defensive aggression by preventing escape but offering no protection from actual or perceived threats.

It reinforces aggression because passersbys "flee" when the dog lunges at them, thereby rewarding the lunge."

- Dennis Fetko, Ph.D. December, 2002, Dr. Dog website
- Dr. Fetko is and expert in animal training and behavior

"In addition to frustration, the constant physical restraint promotes excessive territoriality, which may be manifested as aggression. These attacks are completely unnecessary as they are easily preventable by using a secure fence for containment."

- Elizabeth Shull, DVM, president of the American College of Veterinary Behaviorists
- Marty Becker, DVM, Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service, January 21, 2003

"Close to home, a child would wander away from playmates and enter a neighbor's dog lot. The huskies there were sometimes hungry and ill-tempered. No one played with them, no one petted them. Some of the males were aggressive. So, when the child tried to cross the lot, a dog might lunge, taking down his victim as quickly as a predator on easy prey."

'''Virtually none of the serious attacks in (Bush) Alaska come from roving bands of dogs,' DeGross said. 'They're always attacked when they wander into the area where dogs are chained up.'''

- Denny Gross is the former executive director of the Alaska Native Health Board
- Doug O'Harra, Anchorage Daily News, November 3, 1996

"On Oct. 23, 1994, when 2-year-old Tracy Ann Ishnook was playing outside her house in Koliganek. Her parents were installing insulation in the house and believed their daughter was outdoors with other children. But Tracy had wandered into a relative's dog lot.

When her father, Wassillie Ishnook Sr., found her, a sled dog had torn her nose nearly off and was attacking her legs.

''Her face was all bloody, her leg was torn -- and when I saw her leg, I thought we'd lost her,'' Ishnook said."

"Outside of the village, the horror of the Koliganek attack struck people with as much impact as a death. Yet it was hardly an isolated case. A boy had died only a few months earlier in the Yukon River village of Pitkas Point in a mauling by a loose sled dog. A girl in the Brooks Range village of Ambler had been scalped by a dog that was secured."

- Doug O'Harra, Anchorage Daily News, November 3, 1996

"A 2-year-old girl in a southwest Alaska village lost her leg and was badly bitten in the face last weekend after wandering into a sled dog lot. A week earlier in a village near Kotzebue, a dog tore the scalp off a 4-year-old girl.

The two maulings are the latest examples of what public health officials describe as a serious, long-standing threat to children throughout rural Alaska dogs."

- Tom Bell, Anchorage Daily News, November 4, 1994

"A village toddler who set out for a short walk to his grandmother's house was found an hour later near his uncle's dog lot mauled to death by a sled dog."

- Natalie Phillips, Anchorage Daily News, June 10, 1997

"A 3yearold Talkeetna boy died Saturday afternoon after being attacked by a HuskyMalemute sled dog that had broken its tether.

The youngster, Jerry Lee Cornell, was declared dead at Valley Hospital in Palmer. The dog, belonging to musher John Barton, was taken by animal control officers."

- Larry Campbell, Anchorage Daily News, May 7, 1990

Children have a greater chance of dying from dog attacks:

"Statistics show that the younger the person who's attacked, the greater the chance they'll die. For example, of the 36 dog-bite deaths in Alaska since 1940, all were children under 10, according to the state epidemiology office."

"The deaths of these children make Alaska's rate of dog-attack fatalities 26 times the national average, says a 1979-to-1994 study by the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta."

"The biggest threat is in the villages where there can be as many as 400 to 500 sled dogs, said Ron Perkins, who oversees injury prevention programs for Indian Health Services."

- Linda Weiford, Anchorage Daily News, April 14, 1998

Chaining forces dogs to go against their natural instincts:

"When the dogs are first put on a chain, they tend to throw a temper-tantrum."

- Freedman, Lew and Jonrowe, DeeDee. Iditarod Dreams, Seattle: Epicenter Press, 1995

Chaining creates abnormal conditions by keeping dogs in solitary confinement:

"Virtually every dog who spends most of the day on the end of a chain will show temperament problems- no surprise to those who understand canine behavior. Chaining by definition, keeps a dog in solitary confinement, continually thwarting its pact instinct to be with other animals or with its human 'pack'."

-Jean V. Johnson, WHS/SPCA News, 1991

"Dogs are very social creatures. They need to interact. The permanent tethering of dogs denies them any possibility for normal social behaviors. In fact, this situation denies them any possibility of normal exercising, as well."

- Suzanne Cliver, D.V.M., Association of Veterinarians for Animal Rights, July, 1998

Killing or culling unwanted dogs

Musher drowns unwanted puppies:

"...The [Iditarod] board was silent when Iditarod musher John Cooper wrote a story for this newspaper's magazine talking about getting rid of unwanted puppies by tying them in a bag and tossing the bag in a creek."

- Craig Medred, Anchorage Daily News, April 20, 1992

Musher kills puppies with an ax, shoots ones left alive:

"Iditarod musher Frank Winkler was charged Friday with animal cruelty for bludgeoning 14 sled-dog puppies with an ax handle, although he said in an interview earlier this month that he reluctantly shot them. After a neighbor reported hearing puppies whimpering in the night, an animal-control officer visited Winkler's trailer Sept. 7 and found the battered puppies piled in a crate in the back of his pickup. Two were barely alive and the rest were dead.

One of the live pups 'was crying and was cold, clammy, wet, bloody and showed clinical signs of shock,' Assistant District Attorney Mindy McQueen wrote in a charging document. The other was half-buried in the pile of dead pups. Both live dogs had crushed skulls and were later killed by animal-control officers."

- Marilee Enge, Anchorage Daily News, September 21, 1991

"The small pups were only a week old, [Frank] Winkler said. The older pups ranged from
5 to 10 weeks old, he said."

- Don Hunter, Anchorage Daily News, December 7, 1991

"Winkler tries to kill some of his puppies by hitting them with the blunt end of an ax. He doesn't hit all of them hard enough to immediately kill them.

He tries to shoot some others with a borrowed .22-caliber rifle, but trying to hold down a puppy while cradling a rifle is no easy task. Winkler has to be careful to avoid shooting himself. He is lucky in that he succeeds. He is unlucky in that the shots only wounded some of the puppies.

Two live. Winkler, unaware of this, throws them into a box in back of his truck with the corpses of their brothers and sisters. He goes home. The dying puppies whimper while Winkler sleeps. A neighbor hears the whimpering."

- Craig Medred, Anchorage Daily News, April 20, 1992

Dan MacEachen, former Iditarod musher, shoots unwanted dogs:

"MacEachen has run Alaska's Iditarod - at 1,150 miles, the world's premier dog-sled race - seven times."

- Gwen Florio, Rocky Mountain News, April 6, 2005

"Unwanted dogs at one of the largest tourist sled-dog operations in the country are shot in the back of the head and buried in a pit filled with excrement...."

"Dan MacEachen, owner of the Krabloonik sled-dog center in Snowmass Village for 31 years, said several dogs have been shot with a .22-caliber rifle and buried in a pit where feces from about 250 dogs are deposited. The exact number of animals that have been shot is in dispute, but a former employee said it has been as many as 30 in one year."

- Thomas Watkins, Denver Post, April 6, 2005

"Dan MacEachen, who acknowledged that he shot and killed old or injured Alaskan huskies - and some younger dogs that didn't take to pulling sleds - with a .22-caliber rifle, faced heavy criticism after his method of destroying the animals came to light this week."

- Steve Lipsher, Denver Post, April 7, 2005

Mushers unable to find homes for unwanted dogs:

"Who out there is dumb enough to believe that some musher living in the middle of nowhere is ‘able to find good homes for the dogs?"

- Craig Medred, Anchorage Daily News, March 5, 1993

Mushers killing puppies:

"Killing unwanted sled-dog puppies is part of doing business, many Alaska mushers say."

- Anchorage Daily News, October 6, 1991

Culling or killing 3 month old puppies:

"[Musher] Plettner said she checks her dogs at 5 weeks old for size, appetite and aggressiveness. Then she tries to work with ones that need improvement, testing the pups weekly until they are about 12 weeks old. After she rates the dogs on feet, coat, digestive system, angulation of legs, drive and smarts, she culls."

- Anchorage Daily News, October 6, 1991

Mushers getting rid of dogs who run a mile an hour too slow:

"They [the big racing outfits] can't keep a dog who's a mile an hour too slow."

- Musher Lorraine Temple, Currents Magazine, Fall 1999

Unwanted dogs clubbed or dragged to death:

"On-going cruelty is the law of many dog lots. Dogs are clubbed with baseball bats and if they don't pull dragged to death in harness. (Imagine being dragged by your neck-line at 15 miles per hour while suffering a major heart-attack!) ...."

- Mike Cranford, Two Rivers, Alaska
- The Bush Blade Newspaper, serving Cook Inlet and Bush Alaska, March, 2000, website article

Famous musher bred 300 dogs to get 5 good ones:

"On a recent TV documentary and typical of many [mushers], a famous Iditarod musher stated that she bred 300 dogs to get 5 good ones!"

"...Help stop the culling and killing."

- Ethel D. Christensen Alaska SPCA Volunteer Executive Director
- The Alaska S.P.C.A. website April, 2001

Unwanted dogs are killed:

"'I'm definitely going to have to cull some dogs. There's no way we can keep them,' he [Charlie Campbell] said."

"The culling won't start until the mushing season begins and he and his wife can assess each dog. 'We're going to have to be ruthless about who we keep.'"

- Joel Gay, Anchorage Daily News, September 30, 2002

"Competitive dog mushing is built on dead dogs, from the time slow-looking puppies are culled to the moment some overbred, undersized racing hound expires of overexertion."

- Mike Doogan, Anchorage Daily News, April, 1994

Death by gunshot is often a painful way for dogs to die:

"The Iditarod is an 'extreme sport,' and like in other extreme sports, its athletes (the dogs) are frequently injured, sometimes permanently, or die. Unlike in other extreme sports, most of the participants didn't choose to compete, they were forced into service, and they have nothing to say about it because they are dogs. For those dogs who do survive the Iditarod, for the many on the fringe of the competitive circle who aren't good enough to compete or aren't worth breeding, they will be shot when they have outlived their usefulness. They aren't even deserving of the kind of compassionate death we guarantee most convicted murderers - painless lethal injection. Those who do live, for a while, spend most of their hours tied by a short chain to a stake."

- Jim Willis, Director, The Tiergarten Sanctuary Trust
- Mr. Willis is the author of the acclaimed book Pieces of My Heart - Writings Inspired by Animals and Nature, crean.com

AVMA does not recommend routine euthanasia by gunshot:

"Gunshot should not be used for routine euthanasia of animals...."

- 2000 Report of the American Veterinary Medical Association Panel on Euthanasia

Agents and Methods of Euthanasia:

Species Acceptable Conditionally acceptable
Dog Barbiturates, inhalant anesthetics, CO, potassium chloride in conjunction with general anesthesia N2, Ar, penetrating captive bolt, electrocution

- From 2000 Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia
- Dr. James B. Nichols, University of Vermont, Office of Animal Care Management website

Some culled Iditarod dogs are skinned for fur

Dogs skinned for parka ruffs and mittens

"....As a dog handler myself, I rescued two old Iditarod stars before their owner ended their fame with a shot to the brain. Culling unwanted dogs is an on-going mushers' practice and one racer had numerous pits full of dead dogs from puppies to oldsters--- some skinned for parka ruffs and mittens!"

- Mike Cranford, Two Rivers, Alaska
- The Bush Blade Newspaper, serving Cook Inlet and Bush Alaska, March, 2000, website article

Dogs skinned to make mittens:

"He (Colonel Tom Classen) confirmed dog beatings and far worse. Like starving dogs to maintain their optimum racing weight. Skinning them to make mittens."

- Tom Classen is a retired Air Force colonel and Alaskan resident for over 40 years
- Jon Saraceno, USA Today, March 3, 2000

Mushers charged with animal cruelty and reckless neglect

David Straub was not feeding his dogs:

"Animal control officers removed 28 dogs from the property of a Willow musher Saturday and cited him with 17 counts of animal cruelty after authorities said they found the huskies with rib, hip and tail bones protruding through their thick fur.

David Straub, a three-time Iditarod racer, was not feeding his dogs, said a Mat-Su Borough animal control officer.

Ten of the dogs were found to be emaciated, animal control officials said."

- Megan Holland, Anchorage Daily News, Oct. 20, 2004

Straub's dogs running in circles, foaming at the mouth, and one died:

"The complainant, Daniel Blythe, stated in writing that when he saw the dogs Oct. 10 they were starving, dazed, running in tight circles and foaming at the mouth.

Straub, who moved to Alaska from Missouri in 1996 to pursue dog-sledding, admitted one of his dogs died that day. He said it wasn't from starvation, but from the flu."

- John Davidson, Frontiersman, Oct. 22, 2004

David Straub found guilty of animal cruelty:

"A Palmer magistrate on Wednesday found Willow musher David Straub guilty of animal cruelty for failing to provide his dog team with enough food, water or veterinary care last fall."

- Zaz Hollander, Anchorage Daily News, April 7, 2005

Charlotte Fitzhugh charged with reckless neglect:

"Bush musher Clay Farnham had heard all the horror stories about his neighbor's dog yard before he went over to investigate two years ago. Word was that more than 100 animals were going days without food and water at Charlotte Fitzhugh's place in Chistochina. A misguided sled dog breeder with a history of dog neglect, her animals were reportedly left to fend for themselves at temperatures beyond 50 below while she worked as a taxi driver in Fairbanks, more than 250 miles away.

Even with the warning, Farnham was unprepared for what he saw. "All the dogs were skinny and wild-eyed, he said. Some were chained to clapboard boxes offering little shelter; others were chained to trees.

A half dozen dogs lay dead across the snow, Farnham said. Hunks of flesh were missing from their emaciated bodies. 'It wasn't very hard to figure out what had happened,' he said. 'The live dogs were starving, and they were eating the dead ones.'"

"Eventually, the state filed 17 charges of reckless neglect against her [Charlotte Fitzhugh]."

"'We have 60 plus below here and they don't all have houses," said Terry Endres, who owns the Chistochina Lodge. 'Some nights, when it was still, you could hear those dogs crying all night long.'"

"'You've seen pictures of people starving to death in Somalia? That's what they looked like,' [Will] Forsberg said. 'I saw some dogs there so skinny I wondered if they could even get up.'"

"On Christmas Eve 1993, Alaska State Trooper Don Pierce searched Fitzhugh's yard after several of her neighbors reported she hadn't been seen for days. They were worried a cold snap would take a toll on the dogs.

'As I walked onto the property, I started seeing dead dogs,' Pierce said. 'They were dead on the ends of chains. ... It was real grim.'

Pierce said he found five bodies that day. Necropsies later showed the dogs had less than 1 percent body fat. 'The dogs were essentially feeding on their own tissue and organs,'
he said.'"

- Peter S. Goodman, Anchorage Daily News, April 7, 1995

Norman Mac-Alpine charged with animal cruelty:

"An Anvik man who competed in the 1983 Iditarod and often runs the Yukon 200 has been charged with animal cruelty after four of his dogs died while he was out of town. Alaska State Troopers said Norman Mac-Alpine, 29, left his dogs without food or water for almost five days while he was in Grayling, a nearby village."

- S.J. Komarnitsky, Anchorage Daily News, October 2, 1993

Frank Winkler charged with animal cruelty:

"Iditarod musher Frank Winkler was charged Friday with animal cruelty for bludgeoning 14 sled-dog puppies with an ax handle, although he said in an interview earlier this month that he reluctantly shot them. After a neighbor reported hearing puppies whimpering in the night, an animal-control officer visited Winkler's trailer Sept. 7 and found the battered puppies piled in a crate in the back of his pickup. Two were barely alive and the rest were dead.

One of the live pups 'was crying and was cold, clammy, wet, bloody and showed clinical signs of shock,' Assistant District Attorney Mindy McQueen wrote in a charging document. The other was half-buried in the pile of dead pups. Both live dogs had crushed skulls and were later killed by animal-control officers."

- Marilee Enge, Anchorage Daily News, September 21, 1991

Untold story of dog care costs

Many mushers have gigantic kennels. Think about how much it costs to take care of just one dog. A healthy dog needs veterinary checkups every year and other items like food, heart worm medication, toothpaste, toothbrushes, shampoo and flea medication. Think about how much more it costs to care for a sick dog.

Do you believe that mushers can afford to adequately care for as many as 100 dogs or more?

"The sprawling Matanuska-Susitna Borough is Alaska sled dog country, a hub for professional and recreational mushers lured by a vast network of trails and the freedom to keep kennels that can number as many as 100 dogs or more."

- Rachel D'Oro, Associated Press, May 2, 2005



To: ManyMoose who wrote (102968)5/3/2005 2:52:30 PM
From: Grainne  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 108807
 
I did a search for "carriage horse abuses animal rights" and Google brought up the first 10 of 103,000 entries! There are animal rights organizations all over the world trying to end this practice. I am growing quite tired of people at Feelies thinking that if they bring up PETA they can absolve themselves of any responsibility to consider the issue of animal abuse, or make PETA the issue. PETA is the largest animal rights organization, but it is one of thousands that have similar campaigns. I think it is facile to suggest that just because PETA supports something, that makes any moral rightness of their position invalid simply because PETA is involved.

However, I did like this quote from the PETA article, and it is exactly the position I am trying to articulate. I think it will never cease to amaze me that more people don't feel this way:

In her classic novel, Black Beauty, Anna Sewell wrote, "My doctrine is this, that if we see cruelty or wrong that we have the power to stop, and do nothing, we make ourselves sharers in the guilt."

Here is quite a long article about the abuse of carriage horses from a British site. Animal rights is a worldwide campaign. It is nice to see they are having success in cities like Oxford:

animalaid.org.uk

Introduction
i) The introduction of horse-drawn vehicles might at first appear to be a romantic nostalgic journey to a bygone era when cars and buses were absent. However, such plans are actually fraught with potentially serious problems for both animal welfare and public safety. There are also major hurdles relating to first establishing and then properly enforcing an appropriate regulatory framework. In addition, substantial public liability risks are a key factor.
ii) Because of the relative novelty in UK terms of horse-drawn vehicles for tourism, Animal Aid is concerned to ensure that those charged with making a decision on such matters, have sufficient information.
iii) The information, expert opinion and American newspaper articles contained in, or referred to, in this report, will illustrate all too well the inherent dangers of mixing horse-drawn vehicles with pedestrians and/or motor traffic. Horses can easily be 'spooked' - no matter how well-trained they may be. This results in them acting unpredictably and sometimes running amok.
iv) Our case is supported by leading equine experts in the U.S. - a country with a great deal of experience of the consequences of horse-drawn vehicles in an urban environment.
v) The evidence shows that injuries and fatalities resulting from collisions between cars and carriage horses have occurred in almost every city in the US that allows carriage horse rides. Apart from such accidents, these horses also suffer a high incidence of work-related disease and early mortality.
vi) Even if a horse-drawn omnibus operator intends to confine rides to pedestrianised areas, horses can still 'spook' with potentially catastrophic consequences in such a setting. Additionally, the vehicles and horses will probably still need to access the vehicle-free areas via city streets crowded with motor traffic. All the accident risks detailed in this report therefore still apply.
vii) Increasingly, authorities in the UK are learning from the problems in the US and rejecting proposals for horse-drawn vehicles. In 2001, major animal protection groups in the UK and the US, led by Animal Aid, joined forces to oppose a proposed byelaw to allow horse-drawn omnibuses on the streets of Oxford, England. After viewing the evidence provided by Animal Aid, councillors rejected the byelaw. (See below - 'Oxford City Council say NO to horse-drawn vehicles'.)
viii) Holly Cheever, D.V.M., is one of America's foremost equine veterinarians and has been the primary adviser to 20 municipalities in the United States who have sought guidance on this subject. She states: 'With its inevitable negative publicity and huge liability costs for any city, I always recommend maintaining a ban against these tourist attractions whenever possible.'

Horse welfare
Visible injuries

1. Even for healthy horses, drawing a vehicle carrying anything from two to nine people through city streets is not an easy task. As Holly Cheever D.V.M., a respected equine vet who has treated carriage horses in New York, points out, 'Lameness and hoof deterioration are inevitable when a horse spends its life walking or jogging on the unnaturally concussive asphalt of city streets'. She notes that draft horses are especially difficult to keep well-shod.

2. But these are merely the visible consequences of requiring horses to pound the concrete and cobbled streets of towns and cities. There are far more serious outcomes that go beyond horses being unable to work - and, in fact, can result in their death.

Toxic pollution

3. It can be assumed that the demand for horse-drawn rides would usually peak during the summer months when the tourist trade is at its busiest. This is also the time of year when roads are most congested.
4. Air pollution, at any time of the year, has an adverse effect on horses' respiratory systems. The effect of sunlight on pollution generated by vehicle exhausts can create toxic and irritant low-level ozone smog. This is particularly bad because in the hot summer weather, just when the surrounding air is at its most irritant, the hard-worked horses will be breathing most heavily to cool their bodies down. As a result, they will be drawing in huge lungfulls of toxins.
5. The leading medical journal, The Lancet, has noted that animals exposed to ozone pollution have suffered emphysema, cancer and accelerated ageing, stating that 'in animals exposed to ozone the mortality from lung infections is increased'. (1)
6. U.S. Veterinarian Jeffie Roszel has studied the breathing problems experienced by horses used to draw vehicles in traffic. He found that the 'tracheal washes and samples from respiratory secretions of these horses showed enormous lung damage, the same kind of damage you would expect from a heavy smoker'. Horses' nostrils are usually only 3 to 3.5 feet above street level, so these animals are 'truly... living a nose-to-tailpipe existence'. (2)

Heat stroke, dehydration...

7. Even if largely restricted to pedestrianised areas, the horses are still being exposed to the life-threatening risks of heat stroke and colic (a major cause of death in adult horses). David Freeman, a specialist equine vet at the University of Oklahoma, has warned that periods of intense exercise followed by periods when the horse is simply standing around, plus a limit on the horse's access to small and infrequent amounts of water, increase the risks of heat stroke and colic.
8. During these summer months, horses suffering from dehydration or heat stress can die in just a few hours. Symptoms of heat prostration in horses include flared nostrils, brick-red mucus membranes, trembling, and a lack of sweat production on a hot day. Some U.S. regulations forbid horse-drawn vehicles when the temperature reaches a certain degree. A problem associated with such edicts is that official weather bureau readings do not accurately reflect the temperature on city streets. A study published by Cornell University found that the air temperature recorded by the weather bureau can be nearly 50 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the actual asphalt temperature. And the New York City Department of Transportation found that asphalt surfaces can reach 200 degrees Fahrenheit. These discrepancies can be life threatening particularly for a large horse, like one of the draft breeds, as they are greatly challenged in their ability to dissipate body heat into an increasingly warm environment. The horse can lose 8-10 gallons of fluid with exercise, but if the air is damp, cooling by evaporation cannot occur. If dehydrated and unable to produce sweat, anhydrosis ensues and can kill.

9. The stop/go work pattern for horses is also likely to bring an increased risk of the highly dangerous condition equine myoglobinuria, or azoturia. Dr Tim O'Brien, a leading advisor to animal welfare organisations such as Compassion in World Farming, comments: 'This presents itself when horses are worked, suddenly rested, then abruptly returned to work. It appears to be caused by the sudden liberation of large amounts of accumulated lactic acid when the animal is returned to work. The horse's limbs become stiff. The hindquarter muscles are so rigid that they can feel like wood. Urine is sometimes retained, the bladder having to be relieved by the introduction of a catheter. Once the condition has developed, the horse is in severe danger.'
10. Of equine myoglobinuria, Black's Veterinary Dictionary emphasises: 'If the horse is walked for any distance, a fatal outcome is likely'. (3)

The feeding of horses

11. With reference to feeding horses during working hours, this is sometimes done by the use of a nosebag, which is suspended from the head of the horse.

12. However, Dr Tim O'Brien notes that the use of nosebags is a completely unnatural way for a horse to feed, and is well known to present increased risk of respiratory problems over a period of time, as a result of inhaling food dust from the bag.

The effect of cumulative welfare 'insults'

13. The problems listed above - including respiratory disease, heat stroke, dehydration and lameness - tend to result from cumulative welfare 'insults'. To deny their existence or the effect that pollution and stress have in accelerating them is to ignore authoritative published research on the subject. Holly Cheever D.V.M. is one such expert, having studied pathologists' investigations into working horses. She stated in a submission to Oxford City council, which was considering, but later abandoned, plans to introduce horse-drawn vehicles: 'I must politely disagree with any veterinarian who claims that there is no increase in respiratory diseases in horses worked for long periods in congested urban environments, compared to their rural environments.'
14. It is interesting to note that the average working life of a police horse in New York City is 15 years. This compares with less than four years for a carriage horse.

The risk of accidents
The deadly consequences of horses becoming 'spooked'

15. ''Spooking' can happen to even the best-trained and well-mannered horse... there is no such thing as an unspookable horse, nor can the average driver control it once it bolts.' Holly Cheever D.V.M.
16. Horses and city traffic can be a deadly mix. Contrary to operators' claims, most horses are not at all comfortable working among cars and lorries. Animals becoming 'spooked' in traffic have frequently caused accidents - both minor and fatal. Spooking is a term to describe a horse panicking and temporarily being out of the control of the vehicle's driver. A car horn or something as minor as a pedestrian walking in front of the horse could trigger this. In the majority of cases, the cause of an incident can never be explained.
17. There are numerous documented cases of both animal and human injuries, sometimes fatal, after carriage horses have become 'spooked'. A US survey of national carriage horse accidents revealed that:

85% of all accidents were the result of an animal spooking
70% of the time there was a human injury
22% of the time there was a human death
In New York City, which has the highest carriage horse accident rate in the country, 98 percent of the horses who 'spooked' became injured. (4)

18. Injuries and fatalities resulting from collisions between cars and carriage horses have occurred in almost every city that allows carriage horse rides.

A dossier of carnage and mayhem

19. Supporting this report is an expert submission by US equine vet Holly Cheever D.V.M, plus a dossier of various news cuttings that originate in the USA. Both are available on request. A sample of the US headlines is as follows:
RUNNERS HURT BY RUNAWAY HORSE MAKE HAY OF $1.5M'... HANSOM HORSE'S TALE OF WHOA... THE HORSE FELL AND SLID DOWN THE STREET... BOLTING CARRIAGE HORSE HURTS 2... CARRIAGE RIDE TURNS INTO BRONCO BUST... RUNAWAY HORSE BASHES TOURIST... CARRIAGE HORSE BOLTS AND INJURES PEDESTRIAN... HIT AND RUN ACCIDENT SENDS A CARRIAGE HORSE ON WILD RAMPAGE...10-YEAR-OLD BOY KILLED WHEN A HORSE-DRAWN WAGON OVERTURNS AT THEME PARK - 11 PASSENGERS HURT... CARRIAGE HORSE GOES OUT OF CONTROL, COLLAPSES AND DIES... CARRIAGE CRASH RENEWS ANIMAL RIGHTS PROTESTS... 2 HOSPITALIZED AS OUT-OF-CONTROL CARRIAGE HITS POLICE CAR... HORSE FALLS ON CAR AND KILLS DRIVER... CARRIAGE HORSE BOLTS AND INJURES PEDESTRIAN... HORSES BOLT, HURT 17... TWO HORSES KILLED BY CITY BUSES... SPOOKED HORSE JUMPS THROUGH PLATE GLASS WINDOW

20. The following incident documented in the Boston Herald, highlights how a minor traffic incident can become a scene of carnage when a highly-strung animal is involved.

Every morning, Daryl Zipp, owner of the Bridal Carriage Co, would drive his horse, called Chief, and carriage into the city centre of Boston where he would transport tourists around the city's historic sites.

One morning, whilst waiting at traffic lights, a truck jolted forward and struck the back of the carriage. Chief bolted. One woman was 'hit by a flying hoof' as the terrified horse mounted the sidewalk sending pedestrians running. The carriage hit the curb, throwing Zipp to the ground and breaking his ankle. As Chief stumbled, his body was punctured by shattered wooden shafts - one of which speared eight inches into his chest. A front leg was also shattered. Chief lay half on the sidewalk, half on the street, kicking his hoofs wildly as police cars and ambulances gathered around the wreckage.

Although five police officers held the horse close to the ground, 'the muscular gelding kicked frantically'. A paramedic pumped six massive doses of Valium into Chief to settle him down. But he still struggled to get off the ground. It was not until some two hours later that a vet was able to attend and put Chief out of his misery.

A worker at the Bridal Carriage Co commented to reporters: 'He pulled the carriage for three years and he was always calm no matter what.'

21. There is nothing about this 'accident' or the headlines above that make them unique to the United States.

The use of blinkers

22. The use of blinkers does not eliminate the risk of accidents. Blinkers are often used in an effort to help maintain the animals' concentration, and yet they can actually have the opposite effect. If horses are startled - for instance, by a noise or by being touched - they may panic and yet are further disturbed by being unable to see what is happening around them. Even in horse racing, where the distractions from other runners are routine and familiar, the use of blinkers is being debated. During the 2001 Grand National, Paddy's Return created havoc at Canal Turn bringing down several horses. Racing authorities believe that the use of blinkers could have contributed to the accident.

Regulation
23. Most urban areas that allow horse-drawn vehicles have minimal regulations governing the working conditions for horses. Even if the regulations are theoretically adequate, a key problem is that they are rarely enforced.

The cost of enforcement

24. Few local authorities appreciate that considerable resources are needed to monitor adequately the welfare of the horses involved. This task of monitoring is not a weekday, office hours operation but is required also during weekends and public holidays. Resources aside, the task of determining that maximum work schedules are not exceeded is a logistically demanding exercise. For this reason, responsibility for horse welfare is typically handed over to the operator. In other words, the company that makes its money from selling rides is taken on trust when it asserts that horses are being rested regularly, watered and fed.
25. In Animal Aid's view, this is an entirely unacceptable situation and a negation of the duty incumbent upon the local authorities involved.

Price to the council

26. Notwithstanding the above, any palpable failings and complaints will ultimately fall at the door of the local authority, not the operator of the horse-drawn vehicles.

Hygiene
27. The presence and disposal of manure is an easily neglected problem.
28. New York City faced protests and calls for compensation from restaurant and café owners who said that tourists were complaining of the smell. It was reported that carriage horse drivers responded by withholding food and water from horses during working hours - the purpose being to avoid 'unsightly pools of urine and faeces'.

Injured and retired horses
29. Animal Aid has collated evidence demonstrating that a large number of racehorses in the UK are simply discarded or killed for pet food once their racing days are over. In the US this is also the fate of horses when they can no longer pull heavy carriages. We would therefore be concerned about the fate of any injured or worn-out omnibus horses, once they were no longer commercially useful.

The impact on the tourist trade
30. Some people argue that the presence of horse-drawn vehicles can act as a lure to tourists. The reality is that the majority of people visit a town or city because of its amenities, ambience, history and architecture. Greta Bunting, author of 'The Horse: The Most Abused Domestic Animal' has commented: 'Out of ignorance of the abuse, tourists may ride in a carriage when [visiting a city], but that is not their purpose in going.'
31. In fact, far from attracting tourists, many people quite rightly find the sight of horses in modern traffic upsetting and distressing. Some tourists could even make a conscious decision to avoid re-visiting a town or city because of their experience.

Plaudits for saying 'no' to horse traffic

32. In 1994, Biloxi City Council in Mississippi passed an ordinance forbidding horse and carriage businesses in the city. 'It's not healthy for horses and it's not good for traffic', said Council member Jim Compton. All of the council members voted in favour. For a town that is famous for Mississippi Beach and its casinos, the council was surprised at the reaction to their decision. It was inundated with thousands of cards, notes and letters commending the decision. Council member Dianne Harenski said, 'I didn't know it was that hot an issue, but we have literally gotten mail from every place imaginable'. The local newspaper, The Sun Herald, commented: 'The city's horse ordinance just goes to show that sometimes the simplest, most humane things appeal to some people the most'.
33. Santa Fe, New Mexico also took a stance on humane grounds, rejecting a proposal for horse-drawn carriages. The Mayor's office issued a statement saying: 'I felt the city council should not advocate any type of operation which could result in the abuse of horses, such as heat exhaustion and injury from traffic accidents'.

London, Paris and Toronto say 'no'

34. Among the major cities that have imposed a prohibition on the use of horse-drawn vehicles for tourism - either for humane or congestion reasons - are London, Paris, Toronto and Beijing. In the US, bans have arisen directly from protests by residents. Palm Beach and Las Vegas, as well as Biloxi and Santa Fe are among the affected cities.

Animal rights opposition
35. Cities that have allowed this outdated form of transport face the prospect of co-ordinated opposition from animal rights campaigners. Actions have included protests outside town halls and in city centres, leafleting of tourists and the public exposure of the governing authorities' inability to regulate adequately the horse-drawn vehicle trade. (See Oxford City Council say NO to horse-drawn vehicle, below, for an account of Animal Aid's successful campaign to persuade the local authority to reject a horse-drawn omnibus proposal.)
36. The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) is the world's largest animal welfare organisation. It has seven million members and it is estimated that one in every 50 Americans supports its work. Commented Ellen Buck, D.V.M., the Society's Director of Equine Protection:

'We are opposed to the operation of horse-drawn carriages or omnibuses in urban areas. The health risks to the horses are too severe. These include leg-damaging work on hard, paved streets, the very real threat of collisions with motorised vehicles, and stress due to extreme heat or cold outdoor temperatures. In addition, accidents involving horse-drawn carriages in cities have resulted in some serious, even fatal, injuries to carriage drivers or passengers.'


The merits of full and open consultation
37. It is important that, when a proposal for horse-drawn vehicles is being considered, local residents and traders are made fully aware of the plans and have an opportunity to make their own informed judgement.

Such a judgement would take into account the following:

i) plans for welfare and safety monitoring and the extent of public liability coverage

ii) the suitability of any prospective operator based on its specific plans, including details of vehicles, maximum passenger loads, the qualifications required of drivers, routes worked, operating hours, details of where and how frequently horses will be fed, watered and rested during operating hours, details of stabling, plus breeds of horses intended to be used - with particular reference to their carrying capacity.


Conclusion
38. As this report has documented, the introduction of horse-drawn vehicles is anything but a cost-free enterprise. Such an initiative would expose horses to unnecessary welfare risks, and the council to public criticism when the first regulatory failure and/or accident is exposed.
39. Animal Aid, and the signatories to this report, understand that it is the duty of councillors to work with tourist authorities to promote their town/city and explore all avenues that serve to make a visit both enjoyable and unique. By rejecting any proposal for horse-drawn vehicles, a clear message is being sent that the council is not prepared to compromise the safety of visitors, residents, or animals for a tourist gimmick.
40. However, if approval were to be given for horse-drawn vehicles, there would be immense controversy when the first horse collapses, is injured, or dies. It hardly needs saying that any injury to a member of the public will not go unnoticed either.
41. Not only would any such incident reflect poorly on the local authority's ability to regulate vehicle operators but it could also result in a financial penalty being incurred by the town/city.
42. Furthermore, whatever the legal position, it is the local authority that will be held responsible in the eyes of the public, the media and animal advocates.
43. Furthermore, whatever the legal position, it is the local authority that will be held responsible in the eyes of the public, the media and animal advocates.

References
1) The Lancet, November 29th, 1975
2) King, Marcia, 'Focus on Reality,' Advocate, Summer 1992
3) Black's Veterinary Dictionary. Ed. Edward Boden. Pub. A&C Black, London; 1998. Page 169.
4) King, Marcia, 'Focus on Reality,' Advocate, Summer 1992

Opposition to horse-drawn vehicles has been registered by:
Animal Aid
The UK's largest animal rights group

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
The world's largest animal rights group.

Wendy Turner Webster
Television presenter Channel 4's Pet Rescue

Captive Animals Protection Society
Campaigns on issues relating to the use of animals in entertainment

Advocates for Animals
National animal protection organisation

Animal Rights Coalition (ARC)
UK's largest grassroots animal rights information service

Holly Cheever, D.V.M.
US Veterinarian
Deals first-hand with the consequences of horses on city streets

The Humane Society of the United States
The world's largest animal welfare group

Oxford City Council say NO to horse-drawn vehicles
In Spring 2001, Animal Aid were contacted by a councillor with Oxford City Council. He was concerned that the Highways and Traffic committee were pressing ahead with the introduction of a byelaw that would allow a horse-drawn omnibus service for tourists without due consideration to animal welfare.

The proposed omnibus measured 25ft long by 6ft wide and was to be drawn by two shire horses. The prospective operator's planned route involved mainly pedestrianised areas. However, these would be accessed via busy streets congested with traffic. The service would operate during the summer months when the tourist season is at its busiest.

Animal Aid wrote to Oxford City Council and registered its initial objections to the proposed scheme. Research then began. This involved contact with equine experts, local authorities and welfare groups in the UK and overseas. A good deal of evidence was assembled. A flyer was then produced, featuring celebrity support and urging the public to register their opposition to the plan with Oxford City Council. An online email petition was also posted on Animal Aid's website, giving site visitors the chance to email the council direct. It was reported by the council itself that, in just one working week, it received more than 1,000 protest emails and letters. A further 2,000 followed in the subsequent month.

At a meeting of the Highways and Traffic Committee, the prospective operator and a representative of Animal Aid both addressed councillors. The proposal was rejected by an overwhelming majority. One of the few dissenters referred the matter to a full council meeting, where the byelaw proposal was formally and finally rejected.

www.animalaid.org.uk

Animal Aid campaigns peacefully against all animal abuse, and promotes a cruelty-free lifestyle. You can support our work by joining, making a donation, or using our online shop. Contact Animal Aid at The Old Chapel, Bradford Street, Tonbridge, Kent, TN9 1AW, UK, tel +44 (0)1732 364546, fax +44 (0)1732 366533, email info@animalaid.org.uk