To: geode00 who wrote (171840 ) 10/5/2005 2:29:37 PM From: Maurice Winn Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 281500 You ask such esay questions Geode. <How much of what happens in an individual's brain development is a result of environment: encouragement, discouragement, nutrition, exercise, education, etc. vs being a strict function of DNA? > All of it of course. 100%! No nutrition = the fertilized egg dies. Deficiency in say folic acid, the foetus gets neural tube defects. Deficiency in iodine, more disaster. Not enough selenium, zinc, iron etc game over. Not much protein = not much brain. Etc. Great DNA does nothing. All discouragement = no development because contrary to popular myth, we don't learn from our mistakes, we learn from our successes. When we make a mistake, all we do is identify that effort as a failure not to repeat = do something different. It's the success which is learned and repeated. Encouragement is part of success. What gets rewarded gets done. Encouragement is reward. Zero exercize = no motor development so big areas of the brain will never learn how to control the body. Imagine trying to learn to crawl or walk or hold things with your hands or talk [exercizing tongue, lips, larynx] not until you are 21. It would be difficult if not impossible. Education in the official sense is largely a waste of time though it gets the victim past credentialism. Very little useful brain development is a result of official education. <What is your definition of maturity? > When the person's brain has reached maximum mass. That's tricky to measure. Another guide is wisdom teeth completion which I guess is about the same time as maximum brain mass. Girls' brains reach maximum mass about 3 years before boys' brains. You still haven't given the slightest suggestion as to what this might mean for their development. I suppose you think "nothing". The rest of your post was just repeating the silly old cliches and obvious things. Women with better-than-average spatial skills. Really? Some men can write. Omigosh, who'd have thought it? What a revelation. "We build up our brain's representation of space by moving through it". Does Geary really think this is news? Does he know the sky is blue and grass is green? Some researchers even believe that "nurturing one's brain can enhance what nature has provided". Who pays those people to come up with such things. That was discovered millennia ago. One day they'll catch up to us here in SI and suddenly discover that female brains maturing earlier than male brains makes a big difference. As shown in maths and physics results at the highest level. Girls are quite good at language because that is fairly well taught from age 2 onwards, so by the time they reach puberty, they've had a LOT of reading, writing, talking and listening. Their brains are wired for it. I'm surprised you have trouble understanding that. It's very obvious. You know that it's important not to miss child development years or stages. The reason for that is because once the child is fully grown, it's hard work to go back and fill in stages missed and teach an old dog new tricks. Girls are missing out on maths and physics opportunities because they are kept in the dark until it's too late. But no matter what, females are doomed to less learning in some areas or others because they have less learning time. That's the same for any individual who matures earlier - they need to get things crammed in earlier so they have a framework to build on for lifelong learning. Then there are the intrinsic differences, which is another story. Mqurice