To: LLCF who wrote (23726 ) 5/30/2006 12:38:11 PM From: LLCF Respond to of 28931 <It's not a problem, but some evolutionary scientists have doubts about proving that evolution is 'random'.> <<Other Indications of Lamarckian Evolution The gradual changes that occur from random mutations in individuals of a species dictate that Natural Selection has abrupt but slow evolutionary changes. Lamarck's hypothesis predicts that characteristics change in large populations and therefore have a more rapid evolution. Recent studies have concluded that evolutionary changes can be quick. According to Megan Higgie and colleagues at the University of Queensland, Australia, a type of male fruit fly altered within just nine generations the chemical signals it puts out to attract females in its species. Andrew P. Hendry and colleagues at the University of Massachusetts, learned that just after only 13 generations, sockeye salmon developed distinctly different sizes depending on whether they spawned in a river or lake. Ruth Shaw, University of Minnesota, and University of California researchers, David N. Reznick and F.H. Rodd captured guppies from two downstream pools and placed them in pools upstream of waterfalls. In the downstream pools the guppies had been plagued by large predators but in the upstream pools, only small predators were around. After four years, these guppies began reaching maturity. They quickly adapted to their new and less threatening surroundings by growing larger and by producing fewer offspring. >>sciencemag.org It's interesting to note that if one considers the previous topic (physics) or more broadly 'knowledge' as evolving... then the 'paradigm shifts' or right brained "Ahaa" discoveries could be examples of this. Or perhaps the sudden "new paradigm" as seen often in sports (physical endevor ala Roger Bannister, Dr. J, Gretsky, etc) where once an entirely new barrier has been broken, many break it... it becomes the norm. DAK