To: scaram(o)uche who wrote (328 ) 9/11/2006 2:14:55 PM From: tuck Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 588 [Structural Requirements of Transmembrane Domain 3 for Activation by the M1 Muscarinic Receptor Agonists AC-42, AC-260584, Clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine: Evidence for three distinct modes of receptor activation] >>Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Sep 7; [Epub ahead of print] Structural Requirements of Transmembrane Domain 3 for Activation by the M1 Muscarinic Receptor Agonists AC-42, AC-260584, Clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine: Evidence for three distinct modes of receptor activation. Spalding TA, Ma JN, Ott TR, Friberg M, Bajpai A, Bradley SR, Davis RE, Brann MR, Burstein ES. Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation. Transmembrane domain three (TM3) plays a crucial role mediating muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation by acetylcholine, carbachol, and other muscarinic agonists. We compared the effects of point mutations throughout TM3 on the interactions of carbachol, AC-42, a potent structural analogue of AC-42 called AC-260584, N-desmethylclozapine, and clozapine with the M1 muscarinic receptor. The binding and activation profiles of these ligands fell into three distinct patterns; one exemplified by orthosteric compounds like carbachol, another by structural analogs of AC-42, and a third by structural analogs of N-desmethylclozapine. All mutations tested severely reduced carbachol binding and activation of M1. In contrast, the agonist actions of AC-42 and AC-260584 were greatly potentiated by the W101A mutation, slightly reduced by Y106A and slightly increased by S109A. Clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine displayed substantially increased maximum responses at the Y106A and W101A mutants, slightly lower activity at S109A, but no substantial changes in potency. At L102A and N110A, agonist responses to AC-42, AC-260584, clozapine and N-desmethylclozapine were all substantially reduced, but usually less than carbachol. D105A showed no functional responses to all ligands. Displacement and dissociation rate experiments demonstrated clear allosteric properties of AC-42 and AC-260584, but not for N-desmethylclozapine and clozapine indicating they may contact different residues than carbachol to activate M1, but occupy substantially overlapping spaces, in contrast to AC-42 and AC-260584, which occupy separable spaces. These results show M1 receptors can be activated in at least three distinct ways and that there is no requirement for potent muscarinic agonists to mimic acetylcholine interactions with TM3.<< Full text freebie:molpharm.aspetjournals.org Cheers, Tuck