To: Nadine Carroll who wrote (231845 ) 5/22/2007 2:03:48 AM From: epicure Respond to of 281500 "and what I said for Holland and Venice (two places that happened to have Turkish embassies) was true for other places as well. " If the above language does not mean they are typical, I have no idea what other construction you could put on those words. What was true for Venice and Holland was NOT true for other places- not wrt women, and not wrt anything else. Your statement is ridiculous. There were complex rules in various places about how women had to be garbed, and what was appropriate- and extremely complicated rules about chaperoning- and women were NOT allowed to speak to men outside their own families in many cases, except in the most formal manner in approved gatherings. So you are just wrong. olivetreegenealogy.com Read that- and learn just how shockingly modern the Dutch were. I can't believe you don't know this stuff. I am arguing, with the weight of historic fact on my side, that women in England and France were chattel- and their virginity was part of their value as chattel. Women were cloistered, chaperoned, and their lives were highly confined. If you read as many history books as you say you have, you ought to know all that. As for Mary's "grace"- that would only apply to Catholics, and even then I think it's on thin ice. Huge controversy over just what magical powers Mary is allowed to have. Mary is quite clearly not of the trinity. There was some desire to give her heightened status, but that would have caused immense problems with other Christian traditions- and I'm sure you are aware of the Mary cults, and the crushing of these- another example of misogyny. The church has cleverly allowed women a bit of the old goddess mumbo jumbo to keep them happy, but they gave Mary second class status. Pretty typical of a patriarchal hierarchy aiming to keep women in their place. I'd say it's a mark in favor of Islam that it doesn't do that. And I have no idea how Mary elevates women above Eve's sin. That just doesn't happen. She's not allowed to redeem people. She herself is above sin, according to the mythology, but she can't give it to other people- only Jesus and God get to do that. At most Mary is like a Saint- and she can intercede with the head honchos (God and Mr Jesus) I thought this explained it fairly well:jeremiahproject.com