To: maceng2 who wrote (22129 ) 7/12/2008 6:27:41 AM From: Maurice Winn Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 36917 PB, have you heard of ice? <Very little of the Earths climate components are in solid form, most of them are in the gaseous state (phase) or liquid state (phase). > How about limestone? Coal? I suppose you mean just the reflection and radiation aspects in which case coal and limestone are irrelevant. But ice is hardly insignificant. Ice does a lot of reflecting and not much radiation. Snow cover is an excellent reflector as people on snow without brown skin or sun protection can attest. They get sunburned from below. Ice in the sky, in the form of snow, is also solid and does a good job of reflection. It reflects very well whether it is airborne or has fallen onto the ground. I have to admit that if I had to explain the physics of The Greenhouse Effect I couldn't do it. Yes, I know the simpleton explanation, that CO2 keeps the heat in, but exactly how the interactions work in practise, when convection in stupendously huge amounts is accounted for is beyond my current knowledge. So far, the actual temperature changes which have resulted from a century of effort in CO2 emissions do not suggest we are having much success at all in raising the temperature. We have raised CO2 levels somewhat, but haven't got much to show for it, unless we accept that if we hadn't done all that CO2 emission we'd now be heading into glaciation so we PREVENTED the temperature falling. Judging by the long term CO2 and temperature correlations, we seem unlikely to flip up to the higher averages which occur at 1500 to 3000 ppm levels of CO2. There is theory that 450ppm might do it, but that does appear to be so from the historical record. 1000 ppm might do it. But we are a very long way from that, with Peak Oil proponents saying we won't get there. With coal and bituminous deposits coming on stream, CO2 production should continue apace. But with Peak People going to kick in in 2037, and continuing technological developments improving GDP per BTU and per capita, carbon burning seems likely to dwindle this century as part of our GDP and ways of life. Already, my efforts in CO2 production are falling. I used to produce quite a bit, but I'm letting the side down these days. Too much time in cyberspace instead of driving, for a start. Mqurice