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To: Haim R. Branisteanu who wrote (58201)11/23/2009 6:43:15 AM
From: Haim R. Branisteanu  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 217750
 
New Evidence Supports 19th Century Idea On Formation Of Oil And Gas

An oil pump taps deposits of petroleum deep beneath the Earth. Scientists are reporting new evidence that oil may have originated from processes other that the decay of prehistoric plants.
by Staff Writers
Washington DC (SPX) Nov 12, 2009
Scientists in Washington, D.C. are reporting laboratory evidence supporting the possibility that some of Earth's oil and natural gas may have formed in a way much different than the traditional process described in science textbooks.
Their study is for the ACS' Energy and Fuels, a bi-monthly publication. Anurag Sharma and colleagues note that the traditional process involves biology: Prehistoric plants died and changed into oil and gas while sandwiched between layers of rock in the hot, high-pressure environment deep below Earth's surface. Some scientists, however, believe that oil and gas originated in other ways, including chemical reactions between carbon dioxide and hydrogen below Earth' surface.

The new study describes a test of that idea, which dates to at least 1877 and famous Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeelev. They combined ingredients for this so-called abiotic synthesis of methane, the main ingredient in natural gas, in a diamond-anvil cell and monitored in-situ the progress of the reaction.

The diamond anvils can generate high pressures and temperatures similar to those that occur deep below Earth's surface and allow for in-situ optical spectroscopy at the extreme environments.

The results "strongly suggest" that some methane could form strictly from chemical reactions in a variety of chemical environments. This study further highlights the role of reaction pathways and fluid immiscibility in the extent of hydrocarbon formation at extreme conditions simulating deep subsurface.



To: Haim R. Branisteanu who wrote (58201)11/23/2009 7:09:03 AM
From: Haim R. Branisteanu  Respond to of 217750
 
By Asia Nasser - Intelligence is hereditary factor but if it does not be developed and cared for it, it will get faded gradually. There is intelligence acquired through assiduousness, work obtaining scientific degree and research as well as with the will.

The hereditary intelligence, however, remains stronger if it has received attention and care. The inborn intelligence is an indication of extraordinary innovation and creativeness and if it finds encouragement it will reach further than the human brain and becomes supernatural. As for the acquired intelligence, it comes through assiduousness, the will and determination of, and the person may attain his goal at a level equal to the inborn intelligence or more than that. We always identify intelligence from among children as there are very intelligent children but if they do not receive attention and care by the family and discover it, and develop it, this intelligence will fade away or may be invested in useless matters and whihc are not good for the society or it maybe discovered in a time that is too late.

Everything begins from childhood, meaning that we discover the dominating aspects from childhood. There are children who are noted to be intelligent geniuses but some familiars do watch attentively the degree of their children cleverness and work on cultivating this intelligence and also channeling and investing it, in its proper place. And oppositely some families do not care for that and neglect their children and thus is interred and not to be noticed or sometimes it can be noticed by school teachers but the school is not enough. There must be cooperation by the family with the school.

(this last paragraph indicates why schools and family bonds are so important and why education if neglected, will lower the society standard of living as it happens now in the US)

see also -http://www.macalester.edu/psychology/whathap/ubnrp/intelligence05/Rnature.html

other scientific papares from Christoher Dawes, Nichola Christakis, Turkheimer, James Fowler, Lykken, Tellegen, and many others



To: Haim R. Branisteanu who wrote (58201)11/23/2009 12:25:29 PM
From: Maurice Winn1 Recommendation  Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 217750
 
Haim, education is vastly over rated in its contribution to intelligence. Far more important is food quality and vitamin D. The pregnant woman's diet and the child's food quality while their brain grows for 22 years are far more important than so-called education.

All education does is provide something for the intelligent to think about. It doesn't make the brain grow. Any half-witted child can easily get information to think about themselves without being handicapped by authoritarians into lowest common denominator "education" rote learning of irrelevancies.

Notice how self-educated "drop outs" like $ill Gates are the highest performers. Being "out" relieves them of the irrelevant and enables focus on the vital.

On Darwinism, it's quite possible for selection to work the opposite way from your suggestion - Pol Pot and Mao were keen to eliminate aristocracy and intelligence. In general, the stupid and violent are quick to attack the intelligent who threaten their violent megalomania. Intelligence isn't improved by mass murder. It's improved by careful selection, mostly by females who naturally incline away from those males unlikely to help them and their children.

Watch Chavez. Venezuela will go down the gurgler. Chavez is already saying Idi Amin was perhaps a good bloke.

Mqurice