To: Maurice Winn who wrote (58218 ) 11/23/2009 6:22:11 PM From: Haim R. Branisteanu Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 217808 Thanks for the link, interesting but please explain where are the Palestinians, Druze Maroccans coming into the picture of a group of Jews originated in the Rhine Region in Germany? "First, its unique, well-documented overall demography is consistent with several founding events, repeated bottlenecks, and dramatic expansions, from an estimated number of ~25,000 in 1300 A.D. to 18,500,000 around the turn of the 20th century (DellaPergola 2001; Ostrer 2001). Ashkenazi Jews belong to these three distinct monophyletic clades and, in turn, comprise 30% of all Ashkenazi maternal lineages. Of 123 K1a1b1a mtDNAs (fig. 2 and table 6), 122 were from Jews—113 of Ashkenazi and 9 of Spanish-exile ancestry (6 Bulgarian, 2 Italian, and 1 Turkish). The only non-Jewish K1a1b1a mtDNA that shared the HVS-I haplotype 16223-16224-16234-16311 with the Ashkenazi Jews was found in a subject from Hmelnitski, a Ukrainian town with a major Jewish settlement until the Second World War. As for K1a9, 48 of the 789 K mtDNAs were members of this subHg (fig. 2 and table 6), and 47 were from Jews—41 Ashkenazi, 4 Spanish exile (2 Bulgarian, 1 former Yugoslavian, and 1 from Turkey), 1 from Iraq, and 1 from Syria. A subHg K1a9 mtDNA was found in one Hungarian of unidentified ethnic or religious affiliation. Finally, 28 (25 Ashkenazi Jews, 1 Bulgarian Jew, 1 Georgian Jew, and 1 Azerbaijani Jew) of the 789 K samples belonged to subHg K2a2a (fig. 2 and table 6). This subHg and its parental Hg were not found in any of 11,452 non-Jewish samples." The frequency of these 18 haplotypes was found to account for only 20.8% of the European Caucasian mtDNAs—a very significant difference compared with the Ashkenazi Jews, for which four complete sequence haplotypes comprise 42% of the mtDNAs. Furthermore, even mtDNAs with the same control-region motif were rarely found to completely match at the coding-region level, with an average coding-region mismatch of 6.2 mutations observed within the 241 completely sequenced mtDNAs. This would correspond to an approximate average date of 15,000–16,000 years ago for the most recent common ancestor, under the same assumptions used to calculate the coalescence of the Ashkenazi lineages P.S from my mother linage I am definitely an Ashkenazi as from my father side it could be Khazar IMHO, BWDIK