To: tejek who wrote (862559 ) 6/5/2015 9:05:45 AM From: Brumar89 1 RecommendationRecommended By FJB
Respond to of 1578281 The Soviet famine of 1932–33 affected the major grain -producing areas of the Soviet Union , leading to the deaths of millions in those areas and severe food insecurity throughout the USSR. These areas included Ukraine , Northern Caucasus , Volga Region and Kazakhstan , [ 1 ] the South Urals , and West Siberia . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The subset of the famine within the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic is called Holodomor or "hungry mass-death." Unlike the 1921-1922 famine in the Russian SFSR, information about the famine of 1932–33 was suppressed by the Soviet authorities until perestroika and Glasnost , the political and economic reforms which eventually ended the Soviet Union in 1991 .[ citation needed ] ............. The famine of 1932–1933 was officially denied, so any discourse on this issue was classified as criminal "anti-Soviet propaganda" until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1990–1991. The results of the 1937 census were classified as they revealed the demographic losses attributable to the Great Famine. The government used disinformation measures against Western journalists; many contemporary correspondents in the Soviet Union are now accused of deliberate concealment of facts, being referred to as " useful idiots ." The most infamous of the Great Famine deniers was Walter Duranty , a New York Times journalist whose articles downplayed the famine and its death toll. [ 7 ] A similar position was taken by the French Prime Minister Edouard Herriot , who toured the territory of Ukraine during his stay in the Soviet Union. However, other Western journalists did report on the famine at the time, including Malcolm Muggeridge and Gareth Jones who criticised Duranty's account and was banned from returning to the Soviet Union. [ 8 ] Estimation of the loss of life[ edit ]The 2004 book The Years of Hunger: Soviet Agriculture, 1931–33 by R.W. Davies and S.G. Wheatcroft , gives an estimate of 5.5 to 6.5 million deaths. [ 9 ] The Black Book of Communism estimates 6 million deaths in 1932–33. Encyclopædia Britannica estimates that 6 to 8 million people died from hunger in the Soviet Union during this period, of whom 4 to 5 million were Ukrainians. [ 10 ] Robert Conquest estimated at least 7 million peasants' deaths from hunger in the European part of the Soviet Union in 1932–33 (5 million in Ukraine, 1 million in the North Caucasus, and 1 million elsewhere), and an additional 1 million deaths from hunger as a result of collectivization in Kazakhstan . [ 11 ] Another study, by Michael Ellman using data given by Davies and Wheatcroft, estimates "‘about eight and a half million’ victims of famine and repression", combined, in the period 1930–33. [ 12 ] In his 2010 book Stalin's Genocides , Norman Naimark estimates that 3 to 5 million Ukrainians died in the famine. [ 13 ] See also[ edit ] Russian famine of 1921 , the first Soviet famine Famine in Kazakhstan of 1932–33 , Kazakhstan's portion of the 1932–33 famine Holodomor , Ukraine portion of the 1932–33 famine How stupid are you people? You think history actually says communism worked? That Stalin bravely saved the world from Hitler. You have been massively mal-educated .... trained to believe things that are the opposite of the truth.