The box-shaped JD-3 [27] (also known as ZM87) active laser self-defense weapon (LSDW) is installed on the rotating platform behind the tank commander hatch for all Type 99 variants. First seen on the Type 98 prototype, [33] consecutive improvements are introduced over the years. Type 99A features a smaller, more compact LSDW. After the laser warning receiver receives enemy laser illumination, the system would automatically alert the crew, and activate low-intensity laser to search and locate the enemy's laser source, [35] then intensifying the beam to blind the enemy gunner, damage or destroy enemy's optic sensors. [27] The high-powered laser can engage both ground vehicles and helicopters, [27] disrupting guidance signal or damaging gunner's eyesight. [2] The jammer is able to interfere anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) utilizing SACLOS such as the MILAN. [3] The LSDW has a reported effective range of 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) on Type 99, and 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) on Type 99A. [36] JD-3 (ZM87) system also integrates laser transmitter, serving for both the line-of-sight (LOS) communication and the identification friend or foe (IFF) purpose. [28] [2] [37]