To: Harrison Hickman who wrote (20290 ) 5/10/1998 7:40:00 AM From: Henry Niman Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 32384
Harrison, Although finance isn't may area of expertise, brokerage ratings are not all that hard. To get some uniformity among the various brokerage houses, a 1-5 rating system is used. Services such as Zack's converts the rating of each brokerage firm into one of the five numbers. They use STRONG BUY, BUY, HOLD, SELL, and STRONG SELL to represent ratings 1-5. When a firm initiates coverage with a BUY, it's not clear if that translates into a 1 (the firm's highest rating) or a 2 (the firm's second highest). Thus, a BUY from H&Q would be a 2 because they use STRONG BUY to represent a 1. However, a BUY from Bear Stearns would be a 1 because that is their highest rating and a 2 is called ACCUMULATE (Legg Mason used OUTPERFORM to represent a 2). When the Legg Mason rec on LGND came out on Friday it was in a table of upgrades/downgrades/initiation of coverage. Legg Mason's only rec in the table was Ligand with a BUY, so the table did not really allow the reader to know if that was a 1 (Legg Mason's highest rating) or a 2 (if Legg Mason used STRONG BUY to represent a 1). When I obtained a copy of the report, I looked at the bottom of the report to see that a BUY is their highest rating which will show up as a STRONG BUY in Zacks. Ligand will have three STRONG BUYS (Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers, and Legg Mason) and two BUYS (Hambrecht & Quist and Robertson Stephens). Zacks also gives their own rating which is based on upcoming earnings. Last time I looked, Zacks gave LGND a BUY, which is rather high for Biotechs. Investment Rating: B-Buy, O-Outperform, M-Market Performance, U- Underperform Risk Rating: 1-Low, 2-Average, 3-Above-Average, 4-Speculative Some firms throw in a Risk Rating. As most readers of this board know, Biotechs, in general, are risky and are not for everyone. The vast majority have no earnings and their future value is usually tied to clinical trials. Consequently, many firms limit their Biotech coverage, and virtually all Biotechs at Ligand's stage of development would be the riskiest. However, not all firms throw in a risk rating. Just to reiterate what was posted on Friday, Legg Mason initiated coverage on Ligand with a BUY which is their HIGHEST RATING (translates into a 1 or STRONG BUY on Zack's or other services like First Call). Of course, the three most recent reports on LGND indicate that they will make money next year, which certainly could change LGND's risk rating. For earnings, Legg Mason came in on the low end, $0.08. At the end of last year Bear Stearns projected a profit of $0.09. A month or two ago, H&Q came in with an eye popping $0.84 for 1999. Some people convert EPS into share price by multiplying by the growth rate. LGND's EPS growth has been projected in the 50% to 100% which of course would translate into $48 to $84 price, which I'm sure would make most LGND investors extremely happy next year.