To: Sidney Reilly who wrote (26771 ) 12/10/1998 8:35:00 AM From: nihil Respond to of 108807
RE: true religious intentions of founders Your historical opinions appear to me to be very confused and often incorrect. The idea of separation of church and state was one of the key ideas of the Enlightenment, which many of the Founders accepted. There were few religious bigots among them. Washington may have been an Episcopal vestryman but ideologically he was a Mason, and Masonry was nearly always anti-clerical. Franklin was non-sectarian and known as a friend of the Jews, as of all other groups. Jefferson attempted early (1776) to disestablish the Church in Virginia, and was opposed to established religion as he was to every other form of tyranny over the mind of man. He had listed on his stone his authorship of the Declaration and the Virginia Statute of Religious Liberty (and his founding of UVa) as his proudest achievements. The establishment clause of the First Amendment was promoted by Madison who also wanted to apply it to the States (in his proposed 14th amendment which was not accepted). Few wanted Congress to establish a National Church (since they realized there were regional differences, especially Congregational and Anglican)so none was actually proposed, but the existence of these state churches supported by the ruling classes made it politically inexpedient to forbid state establishment then. Of course, by the time the 14th Amendment was adopted (1868), all state churches had been disestablished with the rise of popular democracy and manhood suffrage, and the Supreme Court was later able to rule that the establishment and free exercise clauses applied to the states under the equal protection and due process clauses of the 14th. Many of the Founders were nominal Christians, but many were actually deists (i.e. monotheists) and rejected (at least in petto) the divinity of Jesus (which I guess is required to be a Christian.) Nearly all of them believed in religious freedom, the legal equality of all sects. If a majority of them had preferred limitation of religious liberty to Christians, they could have enacted it, and I have little doubt that the mass of the people would have cared very much. I believe they were centuries ahead of their constituents, and very wise in avoiding restrictive religious rules that they could have easily adopted. Instead they adopted principles which in time would permit this country to become truly free in religious behavior and would forbid one group of people to impose their beliefs on others.