Ref: History of Sindh by G. M. Syed Academy Karachi Sindh.
Satish:
Very greatful indeed for the article by Mr.Syed. I enjoyed it very much,some very interesting facts and conjectures and educated guesses,well worth the read,I love it. Thanks again.
BTW:Most of the Sindh region now resides in Pakistan,does it not? Or Do we have some portion of it still in India? One thing is for sure though, I need to brush up on my history.
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(Some intrigueing excerpts from the articles.)
Signs of the ancient history of Sindh can be traced from the excavations of these ancient cities namely: AMRI of 3,000 B.C., KOT DIJI of 2,500 years, MOHAN-JO-DARO of 2,300 years and CHANHOON-JO-DARO, JHANGARA and JHUKAR equally have had an ancient past. So it is obvious that this country has readied, a well-organized city-state status, having a citizenry of Sindhi valley civilization.
Some portions of Mohan-jo-Daro have now come under water logging, so these have not been further excavated. There is every reason that with further excavation, relics of a much older civilization may be unearthed. Archeologists opine t~ fl the civilizations of Egypt, Summaria, Usseria and Babylon were earlier than that of Mohan-jo-Daro, yet for sometime there were contemporary civilizations. The similarity of the relics point to it. The Egyptian and Summarian findings make these two the earliest world civilizations. The archaeological findings from the Egyptian and Summairian relics consist of a few documents, which have enlightened tile modern world of the earlier history of the world.
From the discovery of ancient documents and coins of Sindh, which have, so far, not been deciphered, a lot of information can be gathered. It is also possible that from further excavations some more valuable information on the alphabet and language of ancient Sindh would be known as links in the chain of the ancient history of Sindh. Being almost contemporaneous to the two former civilizations, it could be said that Sindh has one of the earliest civilizations of the world.
As century followed century, Aryans, Seimatics, Mongols, Negro inhabited this land, Atistrolide peoples, some of who are said to be of Dravadian origin, who had originally come from the Mediterranean subcontinent. When their land was inundated by the great deluge of Noah's deep, flood first referred to by the Jews in their TORAH, those who survived came to ‘Sindh via Egypt, Chaldia, Summair and Iran. They inhabited Sindh, where they mingled with the aborigines of this area. The period of their coming here could not be said with certainty. But by their remaining in the vicinity of the Indus River with a mingled economy of cattle breeding, agriculture and trade, they evolved a civilization and citizenship. Approximately for a period of 18 hundred years, they were at the zenith of their civilization. Then a new nation of Aryans came from Middle Asia that drove them out. It is said that they were driven out towards Southern India where Malayalam, Tamil and Telegu languages point to their origin.
The Sindhi language, after coming in contact with the Arian, became the Indo-Arian language called "Prakirt". But several words of Dravadian continued to exist in the Sindhi language, specially the ancient name of "DESH" belonged to that language. Sindh's adjoining country, which is now called Baluchistan, is inhabited by the BROHI people, whose language contains many words of Dravadian language. As they remained at a far distance from Indus, they were saved from direct influence of the Arian language.
From the archeological discoveries in Mohan-jo-Daro, it has been found that this city was one of the oldest cities. Its inhabitants had acquired systematic planning, plans in construction of streets, baths and houses. Granaries and drainage were built and many houses contained backed-brick walls and bathrooms. For preservation of grain, they had built solid granaries and they also carried on trade with various countries through the Indus River arid highways, with various far off countries. As found from the armaments and jewelry discovered in the houses, there are many precious stones, diamonds and other several minerals which are not found in Sindh. They seemed to have been imported from Burma, Central India, Iran, Central Asia and Afghanistan. It seems that the people had trade relations with far off countries. People residing in the city, had acquired a fairly good knowledge of architecture. Statues of dancing girls found from the Mohan-jo-Daro, point out that they had developed fine arts, music and dance. From the coins that contained the pictures of various animals, their religious beliefs and kind of worship are found. How they disposed 6f their dead, by way of burning or burying, can also be traced. The stamps found out inlaid with various pictures testify that they also had their own script......
...Sindh's first Dravadian civilization seems to have continued for two thousand years without any change. Now archeological excavations have found its traces. After that, this civilization began to decline...... |
