To: Daniel Schuh who wrote (37189 ) 3/7/1999 8:21:00 PM From: Les H Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 67261
Church Report Says 200,000 Died in Guatemala's Civil War By EDWARD HEGSTROM © 1998 Houston Chronicle latinolink.com GUATEMALA CITY, April 23, 1998 -- An extensive investigation has found that 200,000 people -- most of them Maya Indian civilians -- died or "disappeared'' during Guatemala's civil war, Catholic Church officials said. The church's monumental report, to be released Friday, blames most of the atrocities on the Guatemalan army. But 10 percent of the massacres came at the hands of rebels who could be just as brutal as the military, the report says. The report was produced by the Human Rights Office of the Guatemalan church after a three-year investigation. It marks the first comprehensive examination of human rights violations committed during the 36-year war that pitted a U.S.-backed military government against leftist rebels. Strict government control of the media during the height of the conflict in the early 1980s prevented an accurate accounting of the atrocities until now. The war ended with a peace accord signed in December 1996. Catholic representatives said they conducted the investigation both to ensure that the victims are remembered and to try to make sure that history does not repeat itself. The 1,400-page report is titled "Guatemala: Never Again.'' "This is part of the process of restoring dignity to the victims,'' Ronalth Ochaeta, head of the church's Human Rights Office, said at a news conference Thursday. "Those left behind want recognition that their deceased relatives were not just animals.'' After conducting 6,500 interviews, mostly in 15 different Maya languages, Catholic investigators concluded that 150,000 people died during the civil war. An additional 50,000 were taken away and never seen again. The church's estimate of the 200,000 killed or missing is 60,000 higher than most previous estimates. More than 90 percent of the victims were unarmed civilians. Three out of four were Maya Indians. The church said soldiers or paramilitary allies of the government committed 90 percent of the human rights violations. But they blamed the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG) for 10 percent. The rebels' massacre methods were exactly the same as the army's, said Edgar Gutierrez, who headed the church investigation."They wanted to strike terror into the population and keep them from joining the other side.'' A separate international panel, formally known as the Historic Clarification Commission, will release its own report in July. But under the terms of the peace treaty signed between the leftist rebels of the URNG and the government, the international truth commission will not be allowed to name those responsible for the killings. And the commission was given just six months to complete its work. Worried that the truth commission will not have the time or the authority to reveal enough about the war, the Catholic Church and other human rights organizations began conducting their own investigations some time ago. Though it technically began in 1960, the Guatemalan civil war had its roots in a 1954 coup organized and led by the CIA. The coup replaced a left-leaning democratic government with military dictators. The vast majority of the atrocities occurred in 1981 and 1982, under the administrations of generals Romeo Lucas Garcia and Efrain Rios Montt. The rebels had established strongholds among the Maya Indians of the central highlands, and the government responded with a "scorched earth'' counter-insurgency program designed to weaken the rebels by forcing the peasants of the region to flee. Entire villages were burned, their inhabitants massacred or forced to cross into Mexico. Yet both the army and the rebels deny responsibility for the atrocities. Ochaeta said the report also will offer a thorough evaluation of the Catholic Church's own role in the war, though he did not elaborate. It is commonly known that the church was closely allied with the conservative governing elite during the 1950s and 1960s. Church leaders openly supported the 1954 coup. But many church leaders turned to the left in the latter part of the war and some even helped the rebels. Twenty Catholic priests were assassinated during the war, and hundreds of lower-ranking Catholic workers also died. As part of its recommendations, the Catholic Church called on the government to indemnify living victims, though it did not specify how much this might cost. The church asked that public parks and streets named after former dictators be renamed, and that their statues be removed. >>>Pretty much everyone on both sides, including the clerics, are >>>implicated in the massacre.