To: Solon who wrote (23221 ) 9/5/2001 6:32:06 PM From: TimF Respond to of 82486 I've been away from this thread a bit but I'll try to answer your post a bit now. I'll probably be skipping over 2000 other posts on this thread but I left a shortcut to yours on my desktop. Some of it I've already replied to. 1 or two other ideas I may have forgotten in the mean time but I'll address some important points.The metabolic view. There is no point when life begins. The sperm cell and egg cell are as alive as any other organism. If you consider them a seperate organism. I would not. The genetic view. A new individual is created at fertilization. This is when the genes from the two parents combine to form an individual with unique properties. This is an important distinct moment in human development that seems to make as much sense as any other point for deciding when you have a new individual member of the human species. Ova and sperm are not members of the human species whether you consider them separate organisms or not.The embryological view. In humans, identical twinning can occur as late as day 12 pc. Such twinning produces two individuals with different lives. Even conjoined ("Siamese") twins can have different personalities. Thus, a single individuality is not fixed earlier than day 12. Then one individual after fertilization retains the ability to become two (and possibly in rare cases more then two) individuals for atleast about 12 days. That however does not directly support the argument that you don't have one individual before the split. Also even all pro-life people where to accept this view I do not think you would get many pro-choice people to agree with it.The neurological view. Our society has defined death as the loss of the cerebral EEG (electroencephalogram) pattern. Conversely, some scientists have thought that the acquisition of the human EEG (at about 27 weeks) be defined as when a human life has begun. This view has been put forth most concretely by Morowitz and Trefil (1992). (This view and the ones following would allow mid-trimester abortions). This view makes some sense but I see one problem with it. Loss of cerebral EEG pattern is seen as a sign of the death of a human because humans do not lose it and get it back. Fetuses that don't have such a pattern yet will often get one. If people could lose such a pattern and get it back and recover I don't think it would be seen by most as a signal of death.The ecological/technological view. This view sees the human life as beginning when it can exist separately from its maternal biological environment. The natural limit of viability occurs when the lungs mature, but technological advances can now enable a premature infant to survive at about 25 wks gestation. (This is the view currently operating in many states. Once a fetus can be potentially independent, it cannot be aborted). This view makes the least sense to me. Technological advancement in the ability to support human life doesn't change the moral or philisophical nature of human life or answer moral or philisophical questions. Fetuses at 26 weeks are not different in nature now then they where before modern medicine devloped the ability to support them. Devlopment of artifical wombs simularly would not change the status of much younger fetuses. Also it really isn't the view operating in many states. The supreme court has more then once rejected any restriction on allowing abortions up to the time of birth if they are done for reasons of the health of the mother. The "health of the mother" is defined so broadly that states can not effectively prohibit abortions at any stage of the pregnancy.The immunological view. This view sees human life as beginning when the organism recognizes the distinction between self and non-self. In humans, this occurs around the time of birth. And do people with certain immune system disorders or who are on immuno suppression therapy not count as human life?The integrated physiological view. This sees human life as beginning when it has become independent of the mother and has its own functioning circulatory system, alimentary system, and respiratory system. This is the traditional birthday when the baby is born into the world and the umbilical cord is cut." An infant doesn't support itself either. It is dependent on those around it. Conjoined twins are separate people but they are attached to each other, sometimes in ways that make it impossible to separate the two. Is the baby not a human life before the umbilical cord is cut? More generally I don't think science really has any view on this issue. Science has facts that can be plugged in to philosophical or religious ideas. It can provide tools to help deal with these issues but it can't really deal with them itself.The church and the state are separate, and they ought to remain so. I agree, but my idea of this separation may be different then yours. I believe there should be no established religion, and something should not become law merely because some religion or religious figure says they should. Beliefs about God should not become law where there is a separation of church and state, but people with religiously derived ideas about life, or right and wrong, or human nature or whatever should have every bit as much a right to participate in the political process and to try to get these ideas represented in society as someone who has secularly derived ideas. There should be no bias towards any particular religion or religious thought in general but there should also be no formal bias against the ideas of religious people.These questions are much larger than science. These are questions of human meaning, and they are the province of philosophy, not of science. Agreed.It is clear that valuing something for what it MIGHT become is entirely different than valuing something for what it IS. As an analogy, let us pretend that parents have discovered that their two year old daughter will remain forever at that stage of development. Will they still value her for being a thinking, feeling, and loving individual? Of course they will! She will still be valued for WHO she IS. Contrast this, however, with a fertilized egg in vitro 1 - What the fertilized egg in vitro is, is a human life at a very primitive state of development. 2 - If the parents do not care about their offspring that does not mean they have any less rights then any other human. 3 - Living Fertilized eggs will not stay that way unless they are frozen, and if they are then thawed they will either devlop or they will die. I am quite prepared to say a dead fertilized egg does not have rights as a living human being. Also abortions are not performed on fertilized eggs.If anyone truly believed that an egg was a person, then they would treat it as a person. Thus, if the in vitro egg was closer to the escape route of the burning building than the child (all things being equal)--then such a person would personally attempt to save, or to support the attempt by those whose duty it is to protect and preserve human rights (firemen, etc.) to save--the egg--EVERY SINGLE TIME. Because, if the egg is a person, then it DOES HAVE the same basic human rights to protection, etc. as does the child in this analogy. People make distinctions and have prejudices for or against other humans all of the time. They would normally rescue the child before they rescued an adult. They would probably rescue someone they cared for before rescuing a stranger. Many people would put less effort in to rescuing someone they hate or who is a member of some hated group. All of this deals with people's emotions and priorities not with the nature of what is being rescued. To fail to distinguish between your children and your eggs is to degrade and insult the dignity, the value, the suffering, the joy, and the grandeur of human consciousness and experience. It is to reduce human persons to ciphers. It reduces us to the mindless caprice of pollen riding the high wind of insufferable egos I am not talking about ova. To avoid the confusion why don't you use embryo. I don't think it is an unfair or baised term, I do distinguish between say 5 year olds and embryos, just as I distinguish between the 5 year olds and adults. They are all different parts of human development. A retarded premature newborn might not have much grandeur or consciousness and experience but it is none the less human. I distinguish between different levels of human development but to say that humans at all levels of development have rights does not reduce the more developed humans in any way. It merely raises (or more accurately recognized a high status for) less developed humans.If one removes POTENTIALITY from the zygote, one is left with a meaningless speck--without value, without interest. If one removes all potentiality from anyone then they become rather meaningless. If we never move beyond the exact moment then we don't even really think, we don't complete the thoughts we have started, we can not achieve anything or interact with others in any way. In any case the zygote does have potential, so examining it without potential is examining a fiction and trying to draw conclusions based on that fiction and apply them to something that is actually real.I consider your equivalency of a human cell to a breathing person to be one of the most vicious attacks on humanity that I have ever heard. I am repelled by your vision, and I am disgusted by your choice to publicly flaunt it--apparently without even a modicum of shame. And in your next post you express your disappointment that I personalize your post when it is just a summary of your views. Apparently your views are that I am degrading humanity and that I am disgustingly shameless. I don't mind too much that you bring in something directed personally at me, but have it one way or the other. Either totally leave out the personal completely or don't complain when I take some things personally. Tim