To: maceng2 who wrote (65015 ) 6/14/2005 4:06:09 AM From: energyplay Respond to of 74559 There were a large number of vertical beams which supported the whole structure. Some of these beam were tied to the concrete floor. When the plane sliced through, especially the engines and fuselage, some of those vertical beams would cut into to pieces, and no longer aligned. Beams which were just dented or pushed out of alignment would still support weight, but not as much, adding stress on the remaining beams. Add heat and these beam will start to deform so they relieve the stress, causing the other beams to bear the weight.... The top part, which was previously in compression, is now being supported by the upper floors. The beam is in tension, where steel tend to be strongest. The concrete floors, instead of being in esential compression, are now in a shear mode or tension. Concrete does lousy in tension, that's why rebars are used to pre-stress the concrete into tension. As the whole structure distorts because of heat and the lopsided loads, parts of the concrete toward the top, where the pull of the unsupported verticl beam is greatest, will start to fail, piling up concrete and weight on the next lower floor, increasing the stress which will lead to the pancaking. ****** I think the terroists objective was to cut or damage enough support that the pancaking wuold start very soon - either by slicing through enough of the structure, or maybe 5 minutes as the heat distorted the building. If that was their objective, they came closest with the second plane (757), which was going faster. There are some reports that Osama and Company were disapointed the buildings did not fall down immediately.... ******* Either the terrorists had some very good structual engineers - possible, since the bin Laden group is one of the largest construction firms in the Mideast, or they were lead to this knownledge. So either they acquired or had their expert 'lead' to some arcane knownledge, and / or something made the building weaker when they were hit... The fact that a number of anti-hijacking drills were scheduled for September 11 isn't something you learn putting up office buildings in the Gulf, however.... The FBI not putting 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 together, is tougher. It's pretty easy for Fact A not to be found near Fact B, but there were several combinations which would have resulted in a pattern emerging, or cause a few more resources to be assigned to address this threat, which would then cause the pattern to emerge. But that didn't happen...