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Biotech / Medical : Ligand (LGND) Breakout! -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?


To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/6/1998 2:01:00 PM
From: Henry Niman  Respond to of 32384
 
I believe that Bernie mentioned it in his H&Q summary as one of the compounds that may enter the clinic through the SBH alliance. I can tell you that the web site at home.att.net and home.att.net
have been red hot with hits from SBH.



To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/6/1998 2:14:00 PM
From: Henry Niman  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 32384
 
BJ, I'm still looking (been having problems with SI all day), but I did run across another upcoming conference that will have lots of info on IRs:

Conference Summary and Program
Home Page | Registration Form | Site Descriptions

Nuclear Receptor Gene Family

Incline Village, Nevada ú March 28 - April 3, 1998

Organizers: Kathryn B. Horwitz, John A. Cidlowski and Ron Evans

Maximum Attendance: 450 ú Abstract Deadline: 1/13/98 ú Early Registration: 1/28/98

The steroid, thyroid, retinoic acid and vitamin D receptors, plus a growing number of orphan receptors, are members of a
superfamily of nuclear proteins that regulate transcription. These receptors control, among other things, developmental
processes, tissue-specific differentiation, the growth and death of normal and malignant calls, reproductive behavior and
metabolic activity. They act directly by binding to the hormone response elements of target promoters, or indirectly, by
mechanisms that include interactions with transcriptional corregulators, or cross -talk with other signaling pathways. Among the
problems facing this field are the mechanisms of tissue-specific regulation; cell-cycling and cancer; interactions with
coregulatory factors, transcriptional integration of cell surface/nuclear receptor signals; the regulatory role of chromatin;
post-translational modification of receptors and isoform-specific actions; mechanisms of antagonists; receptor and domain
structure; the function of orphan receptors. The intent of this meeting is to bring together leading experts in this diverse field,
joined by younger investigators and trainees entering the field. The program will include state-of-the art plenary and symposium
lectures plus poster sessions; slots have been set aside for late-breaking developments. Selected student and post-doc
abstracts will be chosen for short oral presentations. Our goal is to nurture and extend the intellectual interaction fostered by
previous Keystone Symposia meetings on this topic.

POSTER TOPICS
Organizer will be assigning poster sessions (no number necessary on form)
Development / Alternate Models / Chromatin / DNA / Transcription / CP Activators / Corepressors / Signaling / Cross-Talk / Orphan Ligands /
Hormone-Induced Repression / Antagonists / Retinoids / Thyroid / Orphans / Non-Traditional Targets / Steroid Receptors

Saturday, March 28

Registration (2-7pm)
Orientation (7-7:30pm)
Keynote Address (7:30-8:30pm)
ROBERT T. TJIAN, Univ California-Berkeley
Enhancers, Core Promoters and Co-Activators: Partners in Directing Transcriptional Regulation

Sunday, March 29

Breakfast (7-8am)
DEVELOPMENT/ALTERNATE MODELS
(8-11am)
CARL THUMMEL, _ Univ of Utah
Nuclear Receptor Function During Drosophila Metamorphosis
SPEAKER TO BE ANNOUNCED
COFFEE BREAK
JOANNE CHORY, Salk Institute
Light, Brassinosteroids, and Plant Development
THOMAS PERLMANN, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
Functional Analysis of the Orphan Nuclear Receptors Nurr1, Nor1 and NGFI-B, and of Retinoid Receptor Signaling In vivo
Poster Set-Up (11am-4pm)
Workshop/Poster Abstract Short Talks (3-4pm) (3-4pm)
Poster Session (4-6pm)
Social Hour (5-6pm)
CHROMATIN/DNA (Coffee Available)
(8-10pm)
JAMES KADONAGA, _ Univ California-San Diego
Role of Chromatin Structure in the Regulation of Transcription by the Estrogen Receptorand p300
TREVOR K. ARCHER, Cancer Research Laboratories
Transcriptional Activation Within the Chromatin by the Glucocorticoid Receptors
ALAN WOLFFE, National Institutes of Health
Three Steps in the Regulation of Transcription by the Thyroid Hormone Receptor: Establishment of a Repressive Chromatin Structure,
Distribution of Chromatin and Transcriptional Activation

Monday, March 30

Breakfast (7-8am)
TRANSCRIPTION/COACTIVATORS/COREPRESSORS (8-11am)
ROBERT ROEDER, _ Rockefeller University
The Role of General and Receptor-Associated Coactivators in Thyroid Receptor Function
PETER KUSHNER, Univ California-San Francisco
Recruitment and Triggering of Co-activators By the Estrogen Receptor
COFFEE BREAK
M. GEOFFREY ROSENFELD, Univ California-San Diego
Positive and Negative Transcriptional Regulation in Development
DAVID D. MOORE, Baylor College of Medicine
Coactivators/Corepressors
Workshop/Poster Abstract Short Talks (3-4pm) (3-4pm)
Poster Session (4-6pm)
Social Hour (5-6pm)
SIGNALING/CROSS-TALK (Coffee Available) (8-10pm)
BERT W. O'MALLEY, _ Baylor College of Medicine
Steroid Receptor Coregulators 1998: The Plot Thickens
KATHRYN HORWITZ, Univ of Colorado
Breast Cancer Growth Regulation by Progesterone and Cross-Talk with Epidermal Growth Factor
KENNETH KORACH, National Institutes of Health
Cross coupling of EGF and Estrogen Receptor Signaling Pathways

Tuesday, March 31

Breakfast (7-8am)
ORPHAN LIGANDS (8-11am)
RONALD M. EVANS, _ Salk Institute
Orphan Receptors and Orphan Ligands
DAVID RUSSELL, Univ of Texas SW Medical Center
Androgen Action in Males and Females
RICHARD HEYMAN, Ligand Pharmaceuticals
RXR Agonists Activate RXR:PPAR Gama Heterodimers and Sensitize Diabetic and Obese Mice to Insulin
COFFEE BREAK
STEVEN A. KLIEWER, Glaxo Wellcome
Identification of a Novel Steroid Receptors
CARY WEINBERGER, National Institute Environmental Health Science
Farnesoids, FXR, and Cellular Growth Control
Poster Set-Up (11am-4pm)
Workshop/Poster Abstract Short Talks (3-4pm) (3-4pm)
Poster Session (4-6pm)
Social Hour (5-6pm)
HORMONE-INDUCED REPRESSION/ANTAGONISTS (Coffee Available) (8-10pm)
JOHN A. CIDLOWSKI, National Institute Environment Health Science
GR/NFkB
DONALD MC DONNELL, Duke University
Mechanism Based Approaches for the Discovery of Tissue Selective Agonists and Antagonists for the Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
SPEAKERS TO BE ANNOUNCED

Wednesday, April 1

Breakfast (7-8am)
RETINOIDS/THYROID/ORPHANS (8-11am)
PIERRE H. CHAMBON, _ Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire etCellulaire
Molecular Genetics of Retinoid Receptors
MITCHELL LAZAR, Univ of Pennsylvania
Regulation of Repression by Nuclear Normone Receptors
COFFEE BREAK
ROLAND SCHUELE, University of Freiburg
The Nuclear Orphan Receptors RZRb and GCNF: Structure, Function and Liaison With Novel Cofactors
DAVID MANGELSDORF, Univ of Texas SW Medical Centerr
LXR: The Foie Gras of Nuclear Receptors
Poster Set-Up (11am-4pm)
Workshop/Poster Abstract Short Talks (3-4pm) (3-4pm)
Poster Session (4-6pm)
Social Hour (5-6pm)
NON-TRADITIONAL TARGETS
(Coffee Available) (8-10pm)
DIDIER PICARD, Univ of Geneva
Steroid-Independent Activation of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
LEONARD FREEDMAN, Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Transcriptional Targets of the Vitamin D3 Receptor Mediating Cell Cycle Arrest and Differentiation
ARUN ROY, Univ of Texas Health Science Center
AR Promoter Function During Aging

Thursday, April 2

Breakfast (7-8am)
STEROID RECEPTORS/CHROMATIN
(8-11am)
CARLOS BUSTAMANTE, _ University of Oregon
Imaging Protein/DNA Interaction with the Scanning Force Microscope
JAN-AKE GUSTAFSSON, Huddinge Hospital
Estrogen Receptor B Predicted Effects of Estrogen
COFFEE BREAK
BENITA S. KATZENELLENBOGEN, University of Illinois
New Dimensions in Estrogen Receptor Pharmacology
DEAN P. EDWARDS, Univ of Colorado Health Science Center
The Role of Chromatin HMG Proteins in Steroid Receptor Action"
NEW DEVELOPMENTS/SHORT TALKS
(2-5pm)
BRUCE M. SPIEGELMAN, Dana Farber Cancer Institute
Transcriptional regulation of Energy Balance By PPARy and Novel Coactivators
ANTHONY WRIGHT, Karolinska Institute
Structure and Function of the Glucocorticoid Receptor N-Terminal Transactivation Domain
COFFEE BREAK,
GUNTHER SCHUTZ, German Cancer Research Center
Analysis of Glucocorticoid Signaling by Gene Targeting
SPEAKER TO BE ANNOUNCED
Social Hour (7-8pm)
Banquet (8-10pm)
Entertainment (9pm-12am)

Friday, April 3

Departure

_ Plenary talk of 50 minutes.

Program current as of 1/26/98 and is subject to change.
* Session Chair; + Speaker invited, not yet responded.



To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/6/1998 2:22:00 PM
From: Henry Niman  Respond to of 32384
 
Here's a reference to one of Ligand's papers on GM-CSF and STAT3:

techstocks.com



To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/6/1998 3:16:00 PM
From: Henry Niman  Read Replies (4) | Respond to of 32384
 
Do you know the publication date for Science? It would be nice to add that to March Madness. Last year the Nature publication on Targretin and Type II diabetes came out and it produced a nice price jump. It was coupled to the start of the European Phase II diabetes trial. However, LGND and Biotechs were heading south and the price jump was not sustained. This year however, LGND is on a roll. The price move from $11 to $16 has been impressive, but much more news is coming and LGND looks quite strong this month.

The implications for an oral version of GM-CSF are very strong and I would expect SBH to run with it. Merger mania is strong as are the big pharmas and a press release on the Science paper could really attract some interest.

The media is concentrating on the next blockbuster and an oral GM-CSF would really open some eyes.



To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/6/1998 3:51:00 PM
From: Henry Niman  Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 32384
 
Actually, AMGN has been visiting the LGND site fairly regularly lately also. In addition to an oral mimic for GM-CSF, LGND is working on an oral Epogen replacement also. I'm not sure which is slated to come out first but as I recall, they were both in the running to become the first STAT product to enter the clinic. Maybe Bernie can review his notes and post an update.
In any event, I suspect that the street will be a bit slow to catch on, but a Science publication should catch their eye (as would a few initiations of coverage). March Madness could be something this year.



To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/6/1998 6:36:00 PM
From: Henry Niman  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 32384
 
Jim, I seem to recall a story about SBH and HGSI. I thought I read it today or yesterday, but I can't recall where and now can't find it. The story indicated that SBH thought that they had pretty much mined the HGSI data base. HGSI CEO Bill Haseltine was upset with the report and wrote a letter to the editor.

Anyone see such a story? If true, it could be related to the LGND presentation, as well as the busted merger between SBH and GLX.



To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/6/1998 8:44:00 PM
From: WTDEC  Read Replies (5) | Respond to of 32384
 
BJ or Henry,
"small molecule agonist for the GM-CSF receptor, soon to be published in Science. Many implications of this work that are obvious to the cognescienti."

I'm not one of the cognescenti. Could one of you kindly outline the implications?

Many thanks,

wtd



To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/7/1998 10:21:00 AM
From: Henry Niman  Respond to of 32384
 
BJ, Do you know if the Ligand talk at the Lake Tahoe meeting had any more info than the Keystone meeting last month?

Signal Transduction by JAKs and STATs

Tamarron, Colorado ú February 3 - 8, 1998

Organizers: Alan D'Andrea and David E. Levy

Maximum Attendance: 400 ú Abstract Deadline: 11/17/97 ú Early Registration: 12/3/97

The JAK/STAT pathway has emerged as a major signal transduction mechanism, linking cell surface receptors to
transcriptional events. JAK kinases are cytoplasmic kinases that bind to the tail of cytokine receptors. STAT proteins are latent
cytoplasmic transcription factors that dock on tyrosine phosphorylated receptors, become tyrosine phosphorylated,
oligomerize, and translocate to the nucleus. The purpose of this meeting is to showcase recent findings related to the pathway.
Sessions will focus on (1) the structure, regulation and substrates of JAK kinases, (2) the regulation and biology of STAT
transcription factors, and (3) the interaction of the JAK/STAT pathway with other growth and differentiation signal transduction
pathways. Other topics will include the relevance of the JAK/STAT pathway to human disease, the JAK/STAT pathway in
Drosophila, and the potential pharmacolgic manipulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. By bringing into focus the current state of
knowledge about the JAK/STAT pathway, this meeting should provide not only an excellent summation of where we are, but
also where we are going.

POSTER SESSIONS
1) Structure, Function and Activation of JAK Kinase / Interacting Pathways
2) Positive and Negative Regulation of JAK Kinases / Biology of STAT Proteins
3) Interaction of JAK/STAT Pathway with the RAS/RAF/MAP Kinase Pathway / Fast Track Signaling from Cytoplasm to Nucleus / Positive
and Negative Regulation of STAT Proteins / Characterization of JAK/STAT Inducible Gene Families

Tuesday, February 3

Registration (2-7pm)
Orientation (7:30-8pm)
Keynote Address (8-10pm)
JAMES IHLE, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
JAKs and STATs in Cytokine Signal Transduction Pathways
JAMES DARNELL, Rockefeller University
STAT Proteins and Gene Activation

Wednesday, February 4

Breakfast (7-8am)
STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND ACTIVATION OF JAK KINASE
(8-11am)
SANDRA PELLEGRINI, Institut Pasteur
A Structure-Function Analysis of Tyk2 Reveals its Multiple Roles in the IFN alpha/beta Receptor Complex
DOUGLAS HILTON, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute
SOCS Proteins: Negative Regulators of Cytokine Signal Transduction
COFFEE BREAK,
LESLIE BERG, Harvard University
T. Cell Development and Activation in Jak3-deficient Mice
*JOHN O'SHEA, National Institutes of Health
JAK3: Function in Lymphocyte Activation and Immunodeficiency
Poster Set-up (11am-4pm)
Posters Session #1: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND ACTIVATION OF JAK KINASE/INTERACTING PATHWAYS
(4-6pm)
Social Hour (5-6pm)
Coffee Available (7:15-7:45pm)
INTERACTING PATHWAYS
(7:30-10pm)
BRENT COCHRAN, Tufts University
Activation of the STAT Transciption Factor Pathway in Yeast by the SRC and PDGF Receptor Kinases
*ROBERT SCHREIBER, Washington University
Induced and Acquired Abnormalities of JAK-STAT Pathway Signaling and Cancer
LARRY ROHRSCHNEIDER, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Signaling Pathways from the M-CSF Receptor

Thursday, February 5

Breakfast (7-8am)
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REGULATION OF JAK KINASES
(8-11am)
BENJAMIN NEEL, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Signaling by SH2-Containing Phosphates
CHARLES DEAROLF, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
The JAK/STAT Pathway in Drosophila
COFFEE BREAK,
IAN KERR, Imperial Cancer Research Fund
Signaling Through the JAKs
*CHRISTIAN SCHINDLER, Columbia University
Interferons as a Paradigm for Other Cytokines
Poster Set-up (11am-4pm)
Workshop (3-5pm)
*PRAVINKUMAR SEHGAL, New York Medical College
Posters Session #2: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REGULATION OF JAK KINASES/BIOLOGY OF STAT PROTEINS (4-6pm)
Social Hour (5-6pm)
Coffee Available (7:15-7:45pm)
BIOLOGY OF STAT PROTEINS
(7:30-10pm)
TADAMITSU KISHIMOTO, Osaka University
Signal Transduction Through GP130-STAT3
*DAVID LEVY, New York University
Mechanisms of Resistance to Pathogen Infections Mediated by Interferons Signaling Through the Jak-Stat Pathway
MICHAEL GRUSBY, Harvard School of Public Health
Regulation of T Helper Cell Differentiation by STATs

Friday, February 6

Breakfast (7-8am)
INTERACTION OF JAK/STAT PATHWAY WITH THE: RAS/RAF/MAPKINASE PATHWAY
(8-11am)
*DOREEN CANTRELL, Imperial Cancer Research Fund
Regulation of STAT Serine Phosphorylation in T Lymphocytes
MICHAEL GREENBERG, Children's Hospital/Havard Medical School
Regulation of Gliogenesis in the Central Nervous System by the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
COFFEE BREAK,
THOMAS DECKER, Vienna Biocenter
Regulation of STAT1 Serine Phosphorylation
JEFFREY WILLIAMS, University College of London
The DIF Signaling Pathway of Dictyostelium and the Evolution of STATs
Poster Set-up (11am-4pm)
Posters Sessions #3: INTERACTION OF JAK/STAT PATHWAY WITH THE RAS/RAF/MAP KINASE PATHWAY/ FAST TRACK
SIGNALING FROM CYTOPLASM TO NUCLEUS/POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REGULATION OF STAT PROTEINS/
CHARACTERIZATION OF JAK/STAT INDUCIBLE GENE FAMILIES (4-6pm)
Social Hour (5-6pm)
Coffee Available (7:15-7:45pm)
FAST TRACK SIGNALLING FROM CYTOPLASM TO NUCLEU
(7:30-10pm)
JEFFREY WRANA, Hospital for Sick Children
TGFBeta Signaling in Early Development and Human Disease
SANKAR GHOSH, Yale University
Phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 Regulates its Transcriptional Activity
*CHRISTOPHER GLASS, University of California - San Diego
Integration of JAK/STAT, RAS/AP-1 and Nuclear Receptor Signaling by CBP/pCIP Coactivator Complexes

Saturday, February 7

Breakfast (7-8am)
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REGULATION OF STAT PROTEINS
(8-11am)
BERND GRONER, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research
STAT5 Functionally Cooperates with the Glucocoricoid Receptor and p300/CBP in the Lactogenic Hormone Dependent Regulation of Gene
Expression
*JACALYN PIERCE, National Institutes of Health
Regulation of IL-4-Mediated Signaling by a Naturally Occurring Dominant Negative and Attenuated Form of Human STAT6
COFFEE BREAK,
BRIAN DRUKER, Oregon Health Science University
Analysis of BCR-ABL Interactions With Signaling Proteins
JONATHAN ROSEN, Ligand Pharmaceuticals
Drug Discovery Based on JAK/STAT Signal Transduction

CHARACTERIZATION OF JAK/STAT INDUCIBLE GENE FAMILIES
(2:30-5pm)
ALICE L-F MUI, DNAX Research Institute
Dissection of STAT-Regulated Pathways Using Modified STAT Molecules
*ALAN D'ANDREA, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
The DUB Family: A Novel Family of Cytokine Inducible, Immediate-Early Genes Encoding Deubiquitinating Enzymes
COFFEE BREAK,
AKIHIKO YOSHIMURA, Kurume University
The Cytokine-Inducible SH2 Protein (CIS) Family --- Negative Regulators for JAK Signaling Pathways
Social Hour (7-8pm)
Banquet (8-10pm)
Entertainment (9pm-12am)

Sunday, February 8

Departure



Program current as of 1/20/98 and is subject to change.
* Session Chair; + Speaker invited, not yet responded.



To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/7/1998 9:02:00 PM
From: Henry Niman  Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 32384
 
BJ, I just received a Keystone/Lake Tahoe update from a "very reliable" source. I would appreciate any verification or additions that you could add. I think that the small molecule may actually target the receptor itself. The receptor in question is G-CSF and the small molecule is very specific for that receptor. It is a mouse system (not sure, but the molecule may be so specific that it only interacts with the mouse receptor), but most at LGND and SBH are EXTREMELY excited. I'm sure that LGND has filed patents to fend off the me toos, but they are probably in a feeding frenzy by now.

The paper has only been submitted, so it doesn't look good for March Madness, but LGND's got a pretty full plate for this month already.

Scientists and big Pharmas know that this is big time news. It will be interesting to see how long it takes for the street to figure it out. However, LGNDers should be all smiles.



To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/7/1998 9:07:00 PM
From: Henry Niman  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 32384
 
Here's a relevant patent issued in January:
United States Patent
5,712,094
Seidel, et. al.
Jan. 27, 1998

Methods for detecting modulators of cytokine action
Inventors:
Seidel; H. Martin (San Diego, CA); Lamb; I. Peter (San Diego, CA); Chan; Shin-Shay Tian (San Diego,
CA).
Assignee:
Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (San Diego, CA).
Appl. No.:
411,020
Filed:
Mar. 27, 1995

Intl. Cl. :
C12Q 1/68
Current U.S. Cl.:
435/6; 435/252.3; 435/320.1; 435/325; 536/23.1; 935/33;
935/34; 935/36; 935/70
Field of Search:
435/6, 240.2, 252.3, 320.1, 325; 536/23.1; 935/33, 34, 36,
70

References Cited | [Referenced By]

Foreign Patent Documents
487298A2
Nov., 1991
EP
692488A2
Jan., 1996
EP
WO9213091
Aug., 1992
WO
9508001
Mar., 1995
WO
9528482
Oct., 1995
WO
9528492
Oct., 1995
WO

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Seidel, H., Milocco, L., Lamb, P.,Darnell, J. Jr., Stein, R., and Rosen, J., "Spacing of palindromic half sites as a
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Kotanides, H., and Reich, N., "Requirement of Tyrosine Phosphorylation for Rapid Activation of a DNA Binding
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Ihle, J., Witthuhn, B., Quelle, F., Yamamoto, K., Thierfelder, W., Kreider, B., and Silvennoinen, O., "Signaling by the
cytokine receptor superfamily: JAKs and STATs," TIG, pp. 222-227 (1994).

Schindler, C., Kashleva, H., Pernis, A., Pine, R., and Rothman, P., "STF-IL-4: a novel IL-4-induced signal transducing
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Ihle, J. and Kerr, I., "Jaks and Stats in signaling by the cytokine receptor superfamily," TIG,vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 69-74
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Lamb, P., Seidel, H., Haslam, J., Milocco, L., Kessler, L., Stein, R., and Rosen, J., "STAT protein complexes activated
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Ito, T.; Tanahashi H.; Misumi, Y.; and Sakaki,Y., "Nuclear factors interacting with an interleukin-6 responsive element
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Hocke, G.; Barry, D.; and Fey, G., "Synergistic Action of Interleukin-6 and Glucocorticoids Is Mediated by the
Interleukin-6 Response Element of the Rat .alpha.(2) -Macroglobulin Gene," Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 12,
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Yuan, J.; Wegenka, U.; Lutticken, C.; Buschmann, J.; Decker, T.; Schindler, C.; Heinrich, P.; and Horn, F., "The
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Wong, P.; Severns, C.; Guyer, N.; and Wright, T., "A Unique Palindromic Element Mediates Gamma Interferon
Induction of mig Gene Expression," Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 914-922 (1994).

Silvennoinen, O.; Schindler, C.; Schlessinger, J.; and Levy, D., "Ras-independent Growth Factor Signaling by
Transcription Factor Tyrosine Phosphorylation," Science, vol. 261, pp. 1736-1739 (1993).

Ruff-Jamison, S.; Chen, K.; and Cohen, S., "Induction by EGF and Interferon-.gamma. of Tyrosine Phosphorylated
DNA Binding Proteins in Mouse Liver Nuclei," Science, vol. 261, pp. 1733-1736 (1993).

Larner, A.; David, M.; Feldman, G.; Igarashi, K.; Hackett, R., Webb, D.; Sweitzer, S.; Petricoin, E.; and Finbloom,
D., "Tyrosine Phosphorylation of DNA Binding Proteins by Multiple Cytokines," Science, vol. 261, pp. 1730-1733
(1993).

Shuai, K.; Stark, G.; Kerr, I.; and Darnell, J., "A Single Phosphotyrosine Residue of Stat91 Required for Gene
Activation by Interferon-.gamma.," Science, vol. 261, pp. 1744-1746 (1993).

Sadowski, H.; Shuai, K., Darnell, J.; and Gilman, M., "A Common Nuclear Signal Transduction Pathway Activated by
Growth Factor and Cytokine Receptors," Science, vol. 261,. pp. 1739-1744 (1993).

Kanno, Yuka; Kozak, C.; Schinlder, C.; Driggers, P.; Ennist, D.; Gleason, S.; Darnell, J.; and Ozato, K., "The
Genomic Structure of the Murine ICSBP Gene Reveals the Presence of the Gamma Interferon-Responsive Element, to
Which an ISGF3.alpha. Subunit (or Similar) Molecule Binds," Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 13, No. 7, pp.
3951-3963 (1993).

Harroch, S.; Revel, M.; and Chebath, J., "Induction by interleukin-6 of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) gene
expression through the palindromic interferon response element pIRE and cell type-dependent control of IRF-1 binding
to DNA," The EMBO Journal, vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 1942-1949 (1994).

Sims, S.; Cha, Y.; Romine, M.; Gao, P.; Gottlieb, K.; and Deisseroth, A., "A Novel Interferon-Inducible Domain:
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Human Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Gene Promoter," Molecular and
Cellular Biology, vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 690-702 (1993).

Pearse, R.; Feinman, R.; Shuai, K.; Darnell, J.; and Ravetch, J., "Interferon .gamma.-induced transcription of the
high-affinity Fc receptor for IgG requires assembly of a complex that includes the 91-kDa subunit of transcription factor
ISGF3," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 90, pp. 4314-4318 (1993).

Pearse, R.; Feinman, R.; and Ravetch, J., "Characterization of the promoter of the human gene encoding the high affinity
IgG receptor: Transcriptional induction by .gamma.-interferon is mediated through common DNA response elements,"
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 88, pp. 11305-11309 (1991).

Kotanides, H. and Reich, N., "Requirement of Tyrosine Phosphorylation for Rapid Activation of a DNA Binding Factor
by IL-4," Science, vol. 262, pp. 1265-1267 (1993).

Schindler, C.; Kashleva H.; Pernis, A.; Pine, R.; and Rothman, P., "STF-IL-4: a novel IL-4-induced signal transducing
factor," The EMBO Journal, vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 1350-1356 (1994).

Li, P.; He, X.; Gerrero, M.; Mok, M.; Aggarwal, A.; and Rosenfeld, M., "Spacing and orientation of bipartite
DNA-binding motifs as potential functional determinants for POU domain factors," Genes & Development, vol 7, pp.
2483-2496 (1993).

Carlberg, C., "RXR-Independent Action of the Receptors for Thyroid Hormone, Retinoid Acid and Vitamin D on
Inverted Palindromes," Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 195, No. 3, pp. 1345-1353
(1993).

Mangelsdorf, D., et al., "Retinoid Receptors," The Retinoids: Biology, Chemistry and Medicine, 2nd ed., pp. 331-332
(1994).

Umesono, K.; Murakami, K.; Thompson, C.; and Evans, R., "Direct Repeats as Selective Response Elements for the
Thyroid Hormone, Retinoic Acid, and Vitamin D(3) Receptors," Cell. vol. 65, pp. 1255-1266 (1991).

Naar, A.; Boutin, J.; Lipkin, S.; Yu, V.; Holloway, J.; Glass, C.; and Rosenfeld, M., "The Orientation and Spacing of
Core DNA-Binding Motifs Dictate Selective Transcriptional Responses to Three Nuclear Receptors," Cell, vol. 65, pp.
1267-1279 (1991).

Reid, L.; Brasnett, A.; Gilbert, C.; Porter, A.; Gewert, D.; Stark, G.; and Kerr, I., "A single DNA response element
can confer inducibility by both .alpha.-and .gamma.-interferons," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 86, pp. 840-844
(1989).

Wakao, H., Gouilleux, F., and Groner, B., "Mammary gland factor (MGF) is a novel member of the cytokine regulated
transcription factor gene family and confers the prolactin response," The EMBO Journal, vol. 13, No. 9, pp. 2182-2191
(1994).

Mui, A., Wakao, H., O'Farrell, A., Harada, N., and Miyajima, A., "Interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony
stimulating factor and interleukin-5 transduce signals through two STAT5 homologs," The EMBO Journal, vol. 14, No.
6, pp. 1166-1174 (1995).

Drachman, J., Griffin, J., and Kaushansky, K., "The c-Mp1 Ligand (Thrombopoietin) Stimulates Tyrosine
Phosphorylation of Jak2, Shc, and c-Mp1," The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 270, No. 10, pp. 4979-4982
(1995).

Beading, C., Gushin, D., Witthuhn, B., Ziemiecki, A., Ihle, J., Kerr, I., and Cantrell, D., "Activation of JAK kinases and
STAT proteins by interleukin-2 and interferon .alpha., but not the T cell antigen receptor, in human T lymphocytes," The
EMBO Journal, vol. 13, No. 23, pp. 5605-5615 (1994).

Gouilleux, F., Wakao, H., Mundt, M., and Groner, B., "Prolactin induces phosphorylation of Tyr694 of Stat5 (MGF), a
prerequisite for DNA binding and induction of transcription," The EMBO Journal, vol. 13, No. 18, pp. 4361-4369
(1994).

Standke, G., Meier, V., and Groner, B., "Mammary Gladn Factor Activated by Prolactin in Mammary Epithelial Cells
and Acute-Phase Response Factor Activated by Interleukin-6 in Liver Cells Share DNA Binding and Transactivation
Potential," Molecular Endocrinology, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 469-477 (1994).

Delphin, S., and Stavnezer, J., "Characterization of an Interleukin 4 (IL-4) Responsive Region in the Immunoglobulin
Heavy Chain Germline .epsilon. Promoter: Regulation by NF-IL-4, a C/EBP Family Member and NK-.kappa.B/p50,"
J. Exp. Med., vol. 181, pp. 181-192 (1995).

Albrechet, ., Peiritsch, S., and Woisetschlager, M., "A bifunctional control element in the human 1gE germline promoter
involved in repression and IL-4 activation," International Immunology, vol. 6, No. 8, pp. 1143-1151 (1994).

Coffer, P., Lutticken, C., Puijenbroek, A., Jonge, M., Horn, F., and Kruijer, W., "Transcriptional regulation of the junB
promoter: analysis of STAT-mediated signal transduction," Oncogene, vol. 10(5) pp. 985-994 (1995).

Fujitani, Y., Nakajima, K., Kojima, H., Nakae, K., Takeda, ., and Hirano,T., "Transcriptional Activation of the IL-6
Response Element in the JunB Promoter is Mediated by Multiple STAT Family Proteins," Biochemical and Biophysical
Research Communications, vol. 202, No. 2, pp. 1181-1187 (1994).

Hou, J., Schindler, U., Henzel, W., Ho, T., Brasseur, M., and McKnight, S., "An Interleukin-4-Induced Transcription
Factor: IL-4 STAT," Science, vol. 265, pp. 1701-1706 (1994).

Rothman, P.; Kreider, B.; Azam, M.; Levy, D.; Wegenka, U.; Eilers, A.; Decker, T.; Horn, F.; Hashleva, H.; Ihle, J.;
and Schindler, C., "Cytokines and Growth Factors Signal Through Tyrosine Phosphorylation of a Family of Related
Transcription Factors," Immunity, vol. 1 pp. 457-468 (1994).

Lamb, P.; Kessler, L. V.; Suto, C.; Levy, D.E.; Seidel, H.M.; Stein, R.B.; and Rosen, J., "Rapid Activation of Proteins
that Interact with the Interferon-.gamma. Activation Site in Response to Multiple Cytokines" Blood, vol. 83, No. 8, pp.
2063-2071 (1994).

Primary Examiner: Ulm; John
Assistant Examiner: Mertz; Prema
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Elmer; J. Scott

Abstract

The present invention provides DNA constructs that contain oligonucleotide sequences comprising DNA regulatory elements
of the general sequence TTN(x) AA that bind activated transcriptional regulatory proteins in response to signaling molecules,
such as cytokines, an operably linked promoter and operably linked heterologous gene. The present invention also provides
host cells transfected with such DNA constructs, as well as methods for measuring the ability of compounds to act as agonists
and antagonists of gene transcription utilizing these DNA constructs and transfected host cells.

4 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures



To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/7/1998 9:16:00 PM
From: Henry Niman  Respond to of 32384
 
Here's an abstract that demonstrates some of the specificity:
Nucleic Acids Res 1995 Aug 25;23(16):3283-3289

STAT protein complexes activated by interferon-gamma and gp130
signaling molecules differ in their sequence preferences and
transcriptional induction properties.

Lamb P, Seidel HM, Haslam J, Milocco L, Kessler LV, Stein RB, Rosen J

Ligand Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.

Activation of members of the STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) family of latent transcription factors is
an early event following the binding of many cytokines to their cognate receptors. Although the patterns of STATs activated by
different cytokines are well described, the consequences of differential STAT activation are less well studied. We show by
mutational analysis that STAT binding elements (SBEs) exist that discriminate between STAT complexes containing STAT1
alpha, STAT3 or both, and that these elements show altered cytokine responsiveness. We also show that in the context of a
minimal promoter, single and multiple SBEs exhibit strikingly different patterns of transcriptional activation in response to
IFN-gamma, IL-6, OSM or LIF. These differences in transcriptional activation are correlated with the differential ability of
these cytokines to activate STAT1 alpha, STAT3 or both. Our results show that the pattern of STATs activated by a cytokine
and the arrangement and sequence of the SBEs in the responding promoter have a profound effect on the ability of the cytokine
to elicit a transcriptional response.

PMID: 7667105, UI: 95396591



To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/7/1998 9:22:00 PM
From: Henry Niman  Respond to of 32384
 
Here's a review of some of the approaches used by LGND to find interesting STAT modulators:
J Recept Signal Transduct Res 1997 Jan;17(1-3):531-543

Drug discovery using receptors that modulate gene expression.

Lamb P, Rosen J

Ligand Pharmaceuticals San Diego California 92121, USA.

Cytokines and non-peptidyl small molecules, such as steroid hormones, exert many of their effects on cells through rapid
regulation of gene expression. This is achieved by the activation of different families of latent transcription factors, which bind to
specific sequences in the promoters of regulated genes. High throughput assay systems have been developed based on a
detailed molecular understanding of these transcriptional regulation processes, and are being used as screens for both agonists
and antagonists of specific cytokines and hormones. The opportunities for the discovery of novel and selective compounds
using these systems is discussed.

Publication Types:

Review
Review, tutorial

PMID: 9029513, UI: 97181352



To: Biotech Jim who wrote (16604)3/7/1998 9:53:00 PM
From: Henry Niman  Respond to of 32384
 
Here's another relevant January patent:
United States Patent
5,707,803
Lamb, et. al.
Jan. 13, 1998

DNA regulatory elements responsive to cytokines and methods for their use
Inventors:
Lamb; Ian Peter (San Diego, CA); Seidel; H. Martin (San Diego, CA).
Assignee:
Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (San Diego, CA).
Appl. No.:
410,780
Filed:
Mar. 27, 1995

Related U.S. Application Data
Continuation-in-part of Ser No. 228,934, Apr. 14, 1994, abandoned.

Intl. Cl. :
C12Q 1/68, C07H 21/04, C12N 15/11, C12N 15/67
Current U.S. Cl.:
435/6; 435/172.3; 435/320.1; 435/69.1; 536/24.1; 935/39;
935/41; 935/8
Field of Search:
536/24.1; 435/69.1, 172.3, 6, 4, 320.1; 935/8, 39, 41

References Cited | [Referenced By]

Other References

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IFNs, TNF, and IL-1 in a T-cell lymphoma and its induction-deficient variants", Cell. Immun. 138:94-107, 1991.

Bothwell et al., "Isolation and expression of an IFN-responsive Ly-6C chromosomal gene", J. Immunol. 140:
2815-2820, 1988.

Chalfie et al. Science 263: 802-805, Feb. 11, 1994.

King et al. Dictionary of Genetics, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, New York, p. 272, 1985.

Molecular Biology Reagents/Protocols, United States Biochemical Corp., Cleveland, Ohio, p. 618, 1991.

Amaya et al., J. Biochem. 103: 177-181, 1988.

Heilig et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 10: 4363-4382, 1982.

Anderson et al., J. Mol. Biol. 156:683-717, 1982.

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Haas et al., Gene 113: 129-133, 1992.

Masuda et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 3055, 1990.

Wallace et al., Methods Enzymol. 152: 432-443, 1987.

Lew, D.; Decker, T.; Strehlow, I.; and Darnell, J., "Overlapping Elements in the Guanylate-Binding Protein Gene
Promoter Mediate Transcriptional Induction by Alpha and Gamma Interferons," Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.
11, No. 01, pp. 182-191 (1991).

Decker, T.; Lew, D.; and Darnell, J., "Two Distinct Alpha-Interferon-Dependent Signal Transduction Pathways May
Contribute to Activation of Transcription of the Guanylate-Binding Protein Gene," Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.
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Decker, T.; Lew, D.; Mirkovitch, J.; and Darnell, J., "Cytoplasmic activation of GAF, an IFN-.gamma.-regulated
DNA-binding factor," The EMBO Journal, vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 927-932 (1991).

Akira, S.; Nishio, Y.; Inoue, M.; Wang, X.; Wei, S.; Matsusaka, T.; Yoshida, K.; Sudo, T.; Naruto, M.; and
Kishimoto, T., "Molecular Cloning of APRF, a Novel IFN-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 p91-Related Transcription Factor
Involved in the gp 130-Mediated Signaling Pathway," Cell, vol. 77, pp. 63-71 (1994).

Hattori, M.; Abraham, L.; Northemann, W.; and Fey, G., "Acute-phase reaction induces a specific complex between
hepatic nuclear proteins and the interleukin 6 response element of the rat .alpha.(2) -macroglobulin gene," Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 87, pp. 2364-2368 (1990).

Wegenka, U.; Buschmann, J.; Lutticken, C.; Heinrich, P.; and Horn, F., "Acute-Phase Response Factor, a Nuclear
Factor Binding to Acute-Phase Response Elements, is Rapidly Activated by Interleukin-6 at the Posttranslational Level,"
Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 276-288 (1993).

Ito, T.; Tanahashi, H.; Misumi, Y.; and Sakaki, Y., "Nuclear factors interacting with an interleukin-6 responsive element
of a rat .alpha.(2) -macroglobulin gene," Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 17, No. 22, pp. 9425-9435 (1989).

Hocke, G.; Barry, D.; and Fey, G., "Synergistic Action of Interleukin-6 and Glucocorticoids Is Mediated by the
Interleukin-6 Response Element of the Rat .alpha.(2) -Macroglobulin Gene," Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 12,
No. 5, pp. 2282-2294 (1992).

Yuan, J.; Wegenka, U.; Lutticken, C.; Buschmann, J.; Decker, T.; Schindler, C.; Heinrich, P.; and Horn, F., "The
Signalling Pathways of Interleukin-6 and Gamma Interferon Converge by the Activation of Different Transcription
Factors Which Bind to Common Responsive DNA Elements," Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 14, No. 3, pp.
1657-1668 (1994).

Kunz, D.; Zimmermann, R.; Heisig, M.; and Heinrich, P., "Identification of the promoter sequences involved in the
interleukin-6 dependent expressioin of the rat .alpha.(2) -macroglobulin gene," Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 17, No. 3,
pp. 1121-1138 (1989).

Khan, K.; Lindwall, G.; Maher, S.; and Bothwell, A., "Characterization of Promoter Elements of an Interferon-Inducible
Ly-6E/A Differentiation Antigen, Which Is Expressed on Activated T Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cells," Molecular
and Cellular Biology, vol. 10, No. 10, pp. 5150-5159 (1990).

Khan, K.; Shuai, K.; Lindwall, G.; Maher, S.; Darnell, J.; and Bothwell, A., "Induction of the Ly-6A/E gene by
interferon .alpha./.beta. and .gamma. requires a DNA element to which a tyrosine-phosphorylated 91-kDa protein
binds," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 90, pp. 6806-6810 (1993).

Sadowski, H. and Gilman, M., "Cell-free activation of a DNA-binding protein by epidermal growth factor," Nature, vol.
362, pp. 79-83 (1993).

Wagner, B.; Hayes, T.; Hoban, C.; and Cochran, B., "The SIF binding element confers sis/PDGF inducibility onto the
c-fos promoter," The EMBO Journal, vol. 9., No. 13, pp. 4477-4484 (1990).

Strehlow, I. and Decker, T., "Transcriptional inductiion of IFN-.gamma.-responsive genes is modulated by DNA
surrounding the interferon stimulation response element," Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 20, No. 15, pp. 3865-3872
(1992).

Wong, P.; Severns, C.; Guyer, N.; and Wright, T., "A Unique Palindromic Element Meidates Gamma Interferon
Induction of mig Gene Expression," Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 914-922 (1994).

Silvennoinen, O.; Schindler, C.; Schlessinger, J.; and Levy, D., "Ras-Independent Growth Factor Signaling by
Transcription Factor Tyrosine Phosphorylation," Science, vol. 261, pp. 1736-1739 (1993).

Ruff-Jamison, S.; Chen, K.; and Cohen, S., "Induction by EGF and Interferon-.gamma. of Tyrosine Phosphorylated
DNA Binding Proteins in Mouse Liver Nuclei," Science, vol. 261, pp. 1733-1736 (1993).

Larner, A.; David, M.; Feldman, G.; Igarashi, K.; Hackett, R., Webb, D.; Sweitzer, S.; Petricoin, E.; and Finbloom,
D., "Tyrosine Phosphorylation of DNA Binding Proteins by Multiple Cytokines," Science, vol. 261, pp. 1730-1733
(1993).

Shuai, K.; Stark, G.; Kerr, I.; and Darnell, J., "A Single Phosphotyrosine Residue of Stat91 Required for Gene
Activation by Interferon-.gamma.," Science, vol. 261, pp. 1744-1746 (1993).

Sadowski, H.; Shuai, K., Darnell, J.; and Gilman, M., "A Common Nuclear Signal Transduction Pathway Activated by
Growth Factor and Cytokine Receptors," Science, vol. 261, pp. 1739-1744 (1993).

Kanno, Yuka; Kozak, C.; Schindler, C.; Driggers, P.; Ennist, D.; Gleason, S.; Darnell, J.; and Ozato, K., "The
Genomic Structure of the Murine ICSBP Gene Reveals the Presence of the Gamma Interferon-Responsive Element, to
Which an ISGF3.alpha. Subunit (or Similar) Molecule Binds," Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 13, No. 7, pp.
3951-3963 (1993).

Harroch, S.; Revel, M.; and Chebath, J., "Induction by interleukin-6 of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) gene
expression through the palindromic interferon response element pIRE and cell type-dependent control of IRF-1 binding
to DNA," The EMBO Journal, vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 1942-1949 (1994).

Sims, S.; Cha, Y.; Romine, M.; Gao, P.; Gottlieb, K.; and Deisseroth, A., "A Novel Interferon-Inducible Domain:
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Human Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Gene Promoter," Molecular and
Cellular Biology, vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 690-702 (1993).

Pearse, R.; Feinman, R.; Shuai, K.; Darnell, J.; and Ravetch, J., "Interferon .gamma.-induced transcription of the
high-affinity Fc receptor for IgG requires assembly of a complex that includes the 91-kDa subunit of transcription factor
ISGF3," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 90, pp. 4314-4318 (1993).

Pearse, R.; Feinman, R.; and Ravetch, J., "Characterization of the promoter of the human gene encoding the high affinity
IgG receptor: Transcriptional induction by .gamma.-interferon is mediated through common DNA response elements,"
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 88, pp. 11305-11309 (1991).

Kotanides, H. and Reich, N., "Requirement of Tyrosine Phosphorylation for Rapid Activation of a DNA Binding Factor
by IL-4," Science, vol. 262, pp. 1265-1267 (1993).

Schindler, C.; K. Kashleva, H.; Pernis, A.; Pine, R.; and Rothman, P., "STF-IL-4; a novel IL-4-induced signal
transducing factor," The EMBO Journal, vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 1350-1356 (1994).

Li, P.; He, X.; Gerrero, M.; Mok, M.; Aggarwal, A.; and Rosenfeld, M., "Spacing and orientation of bipartite
DNA-binding motifs as potential functional determinants for POU domain factors" Genes & Development, vol. 7, pp.
2483-2496 (1993).

Carlberg, C., "RXR-Independent Action of the Receptors for Thyroid Hormone, Retinoid Acid and Vitamin D on
Inverted Palindromes," Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 195, No. 3, pp. 1345-1353
(1993).

Mangelsdorf, D., et al., "Retinoid Receptors," The Retinoids: Biology, Chemistry and Medicine, 2nd ed., pp. 331-332
(1994).

Umesono, K.; Murakami, K.; Thompson, C.; and Evans, R., "Direct Repeats as Selective Response Elements for the
Thyroid Hormone, Retinoic Acid, and Vitamin D(3) Receptors," Cell. vol. 65, pp. 1255-1266 (1991).

Naar, A.; Boutin, J.; Lipkin, S.; Yu, V.; Holloway, J.; Glass, C.; and Rosenfeld, M., "The Orientation and Spacing of
Core DNA-Binding Motifs Dictate Selective Transcriptional Responses to Three Nuclear Receptors," Cell, vol. 65, pp.
1267-1279 (1991).

Reid, L.; Brasnett, A.; Gilbert, C.; Porter, A.; Gewert, D.; Stark, G.; and Kerr, I.,"A single DNA response element can
confer inducibility by both .alpha.- and .gamma.-interferons," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 86, pp. 840-844
(1989).

Wakao, H., Gouilleux, F., and Groner, B., "Mammary gland factor (MGF) is a novel member of the cytokine regulated
transcription factor gene family and confers the prolactin response," The EMBO Journal, vol. 13, No. 9, pp. 2182-2191
(1994).

Mui, A., Wakao, H., O'Farrell, A., Harada, N., and Miyajima, A., "Interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony
stimulating factor and interleukin-5 transduce signals through two STAT5 homologs," The EMBO Journal, vol. 14, No.
6, pp. 1166-1174 (1995).

Drachman, J., Griffin, J., and Kaushansky, K., "The c-Mpl Ligand (Thrombopoietin) Stimulates Tyrosine
Phosphorylation of Jak2, Shc, and c-Mpl," The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 270, No. 10, pp. 4979-4982
(1995).

Beading, C., Guschin, D., Witthuhn, B., Ziemiecki, A., Ihle, J., Kerr, I., and Cantrell, D., "Activation of JAK kinases
and STAT proteins by interleukin-2 and interferon .alpha., but not the T cell antigen receptor, in human T lymphocytes,"
The EMBO Journal, vol. 13, No. 23, pp. 5605-5615 (1994).

Gouilleux, F., Wakao, H., Mundt, M., and Groner, B., "Prolactin induces phosphorylation of Tyr694 of Stat5 (MGF), a
prerequisite for DNA binding and induction of transcription," The EMBO Journal, vol. 13, No. 18, pp. 4361-4369
(1994).

Standke, G., Meier, V., and Groner, B., "Mammary Gladn Factor Activated by Prolactin in Mammary Epithelial Cells
and Acute-Phase Response Factor Activated by Interleukin-6 in Liver Cells Share DNA Binding and Transactivation
Potential," Molecular Endocrinology, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 469-477 (1994).

Delphin, S., and Stavnezer, J., "Characterization of an Interleukin 4(IL-4) Responsive Region in the Immunoglobulin
Heavy Chain Germline & Promoter: Regulation by NF-IL-4, a C/EBP Family Member and NF-kB/p50," J. Exp. Med.,
vol. 181, pp. 181-192 (1995).

Albrecht, ., Peiritsch, S., and Woisetschlager, M., "A bifunctional control element in the human IgE germline promoter
involved in repression and IL-4 activation," International Immunology, vol. 6, No. 8, pp. 1143-1151 (1994).

Coffer, P., Lutticken, C., Puijenbroek, A., Jonge, M., Horn, F., and Kruijer, W., "Transcriptional regulation of the junB
promoter: analysis of STAT-mediated signal transduction," Oncogene, vol. 10(5) pp. 985-994 (1995).

Fujitani, Y., Nakajima, K., Kojima, H., Nakae, K., Takeda, ., and Hirano, T., "Transcriptional Activation of the IL-6
Response Element in the JunB Promoter is Mediated by Multiple STAT Family Proteins," Biochemical and Biophysical
Research Communications, vol. 202, No. 2, pp. 1181-1187 (1994).

Hou, J., Schindler, U., Henzel, W., Ho, T., Brasseur, M., and McKnight, S., "An Interleukin-4-Induced Transcription
Factor: IL-4 STAT," Science, vol. 265, pp. 1701-1706 (1994).

Rothman, P.; Kreider, B.; Azam, M.; Levy, D.; Wegenka, U.; Eilers, A.; Decker, T.; Horn, F.; Hashleva, H.; Ihle, J.;
and Schindler, C., "Cytokines and Growth Factors Signal Through Tyrosine Phosphorylation of a Family of Related
Transcription Factors," Immunity, vol. 1 pp. 457-468 (1994).

Lamb, P.; Kessler, L. V.; Suto, C.; Levy, D.E.; Seidel, H.M.; Stein, R.B.; and Rosen, J., "Rapid Activation of Proteins
that Interact with the Interferon-.gamma. Activation Site in Response to Multiple Cytokines" Blood, vol. 83, No. 8, pp.
2063-2071 (1994).

Primary Examiner: Chambers; Jasemine C.
Assistant Examiner: Priebe; Scott D.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Elmer; J. Scott

Abstract

The present invention provides oligonucleotide sequences comprising DNA regulatory elements comprising point mutations of
Ly6E GAS element that bind activated transcriptional regulatory proteins in response to signaling molecules, such as cytokines.
Further, the present invention also provides DNA constructs comprising the oligonucleotide sequences, cells transfected with
the DNA constructs, and methods of using the DNA constructs and transfected cells to provide for the controlled expression
of structural genes, for the detection and recovery of transcriptional regulatory proteins, and for measuring the ability of
compounds to act as agonist and antagonists of gene transcription.

27 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures